INTESTINAL OR COLON-TYPHOID GROUP 267 



thick, convex, and circumscribed. The whole stab culture is 

 frequently described as " nail like." 



Physiology. In most respects this organism resembles B. coli. 

 It ferments dextrose, lactose, and saccharose, with production 

 of both acid and gas. It also ferments starch, notably by the trans- 

 formation of the starch into dextrose by an amylolytic enzyme. 

 Ihdol is produced in Dunham's solution. 



Pathogenesis. This organism is not known to possess patho- 

 genic powers. It is of interest principally because of its close 

 relationship to B. coli. and association with it. In making water 

 examinations no distinction is ordinarily made between B. coli 

 and B. lactis airogenes, inasmuch as they resemble each other so 

 closely and come from the same sources. 



Bacillus pneumonias 



Synonyms. Bacterium pneumonice; B. capsulatus mucosus] 

 pneumobacillus; pneumococcus of Friedlander. 



Friedlander, in 1883, discovered this organism in the sputum 

 from a case of croupous pneumonia, and it was believed by him 

 to be the cause of the disease. 

 He failed to discover the real 

 cause of pneumonia because 

 the pneumococcus of Frankel * ^ 



does not grow readily upon & ^ , ^ 



plate cultures prepared by the 

 method used. It has since 

 been found repeatedly in 

 normal saliva, and is still 

 believed to be an occasional 

 cause of pneumonia. It some- 

 times is found in the feces and '* 

 in sewage. fig. HO. Bacillus pneumonice, show- 



Morphology and Staining ing capsules (Gunther). 



The organism as it occurs 



in the sputum is sometimes so short as to resemble a coccus. 

 Usually it is single, rarely in chains. It is surrounded by a 

 capsule in sputum and in milk. It is non-motile. It resembles 

 the preceding organism closely in all other respects. 



