VIBRIO OR CHOLERA SPIRILLUM GROUP 369 



pears as a septicemia. According to Gamale"ia, it may be com- 

 municated to chickens by feeding pure cultures. 



Character of Disease and Lesions. Chickens affected show 

 many of the same symptoms as those infected with chicken cholera, 

 except that the temperature is little, if at all, elevated. Diarrhea 

 is constantly present. There is a marked hyperemia of the ali- 

 mentary canal, and a blood-tinged, grayish-yellow liquid is found 

 in the small intestine. 



Immunity. No true toxin has been demonstrated. Agglutin- 



Fig. 157. Spirillum metchnikovi, gelatin stab (Frankel and Pfeiffer 



ins are present in immune serum. Immunity may be established 

 in animals by repeated injections of killed cultures. 



Bacteriological Diagnosis. This may be made on the basis 

 of microscopic findings and isolation in pure culture. 



Transmission. The disease is probably transmitted by the 

 ingest ion of food soiled by droppings from infected fowls. 



Spirillum choleras 



Synonyms. Spirillum cholera? asiaticce; Microspira comma; 

 Vibrio cholerce. 



Disease Produced. Asiatic cholera in man. 



Koch, in 1883, discovered the specific cause of Asiatic cholera 

 in the rice-water stools of cholera patients. 



Distribution. The disease is endemic in India and possibly 



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