392 LECTURES AND ESSAYS [1874- 



in Israel to other worships ? Among works bearing on 

 this subject, I shall first notice in a single word Tiele s 

 Geschiedenis van den Godsdienst, etc. (&quot;History of Religion 

 to the Sovereignty of the Universal Religions/ Amster 

 dam, 1876.) This little manual is written from the usual 

 standpoint of the Leiden school, and treats the religion 

 of Israel simply as one branch of the Semitic religions. 

 There is no new research or even argument on disputed 

 points ; but the work will be found convenient, both as 

 a brief exposition of the views of an influential school, 

 and from the references supplied to the latest literature. 



Coming now to real contributions to the history of Old 

 Testament religion, I have to name especially Professor 

 Baudissinof Strassburg s Studien zur semitischen Religions- 

 geschichte (&quot; Studies in the History of Semitic Religion,&quot; 

 Leipzig : Grunow), and Dr. E. Nestle s Haarlem prize 

 essay on the significance of the Hebrew proper names for 

 the history of religion Die israelitischen Eigennamen 

 nach ihrer religionsgeschichtlichen Bedeutung (Haarlem, 

 1876) . To these must be added several valuable essays 

 Kuenen s paper on &quot; Yahveh and the other gods &quot; (Theol. 

 Review, July 1876), and Smend s essay in the Stud. u. 

 Krit., 1876, iv. &quot; On the stage in the development of the 

 religion of Israel presupposed by the prophets of the eighth 

 century.&quot; Baudissin s volume is made up of a series of 

 essays, some of which have only a secondary bearing on 

 biblical theology. The essay on the value of Sanchuni- 

 athon s Phoenician history decides, with Movers, against 

 the opinion which has received currency through Ewald 

 and Renan, refusing to accept the work of Philo as the 

 translation of an old source, though admitting that it 

 contains remains of old tradition modified by the author s 

 euhemerism. The points in the cosmogonies of San- 

 chuniathon which remind us of the Old Testament the 

 chaos or Baav (ini), and the Trvev/za in the creation are 

 not borrowed from the Bible, but rest on notions which 

 the Israelites since their origin had shared with kindred 



