470 LECTURES AND ESSAYS [1880- 



(buturi) among different groups, as we find it in the tribal 

 genealogies, is perfectly natural. 



At this point I must for the present close the argu 

 ment as regards Arabia. It could doubtless be greatly 

 strengthened by a full survey of the native literature, for 

 which I hope to find opportunity at another time. But 

 meantime we have found unambiguous parallels to every 

 leading feature of the totem system, and have been able 

 to reason back to a state of matters which the purely 

 astral theory as put by Baudissin is utterly incompetent 

 to explain. Of course I do not affirm that Arabic religion 

 is merely a development of totemism least of all in the 

 South, where Babylonian and perhaps other foreign 

 influences may have operated to no small extent. Nor 

 does totemism exhaust the religious ideas even of the 

 typically totem nations. The North American Indians 

 had their Master of Life, a being who protected the totem 

 system, and whom they identified with a lofty rock in 

 Lake Superior (Fort. Rev., 1869, p. 416). Here too the 

 Arabic analogy is most striking : Fuls, the idol of the 

 Tayyites, was a naked rock on Mt. Aga (Osiander, ut 

 supra, p. 501 ; comp. Dozy, p. 201). 1 



I now pass on to the Biblical data. The southern and 

 eastern frontiers of Canaan were inhabited by tribes 

 which had affinities both to Israel and to the Arabs. The 

 Midianites and Amalekites were Arabs. So were the 

 Qenites and Rechabites notwithstanding their alliance 

 with Israel. And in the tribe of Judah large nomadic 



1 In the further development of this subject it would be desirable 

 to keep in view the great division of the Arabs into Ma addites and 

 Yemenites. The same animal tribes are found in both of these divisions, 

 but the evidence as to the law of kinship is mainly from the latter group. 

 I may here note that according to Agatharchides (Geog. Gv. Min. ed. 

 Miiller, i. 153) the totem system was also found on the other side of the 

 Erythrean among the Troglodytes, /xera r&v TKVUV rd$ -yi/j/at/cas %oi;cri 

 KOLVO.S ?rAV ,tuas rrjs rvpawov (this is confirmed by Strabo, xvi. 4, from 

 Artemidorus) . Further : &quot; They give the name of parent to no human 

 being, but to the bull and the cow, the ram and the ewe, because from 

 them they have their daily nourishment.&quot; 



