ANIMAL WORSHIP AND ANIMAL TRIBES 471 



elements were incorporated, notably the Hezronites in 

 their two great branches of Caleb (Kalibbites) and 

 Jerahmeel. On this topic I simply refer to Wellhausen, 

 De Gentibus et Familiis Judaeis (Gottingen, 1870). In 

 this district, then, we may fairly expect analogies to what 

 we have found in Arabia. In fact the Kalibbites are at 

 once recognisable as a dog-tribe, and Oreb and Ze eb, the 

 princes of Midian, are the Raven and the Wolf, heads, no 

 doubt, of tribes of the same name. In fact Caleb ( = kalib 



o^- ^ 



= kalb, by the rule that J*j and J*j are interchangeable, 



.X 



Lumsden, AY. Gr. 348), Oreb, and Ze eb are identical 

 with the Arabic tribal names Kalb, Ghorab, and Dhi b. 



The most interesting case, however, is that of the 

 Horites (Troglodytes), the aboriginal inhabitants of Seir, 

 who were subsequently incorporated with the Edomites 

 (Gen. xxxvi. ; comp. Deut. ii. 12). The tribal system 

 of the Horites is exhibited in the usual genealogical form, 

 and the names given seem to show that they were a 

 Semitic race. That the list in Gen. xxxvi. 20 seq. really 

 is an account of tribal or local divisions, and not a literal 

 genealogy, is obvious. rp^N is not a title of office 

 (E.V. duke), for the list of Edomite D^D^N in ver. 40 seq. 

 is &quot; according to clans and places,&quot; and includes names 

 that are certainly local, Elah = Elath, Mibzar (fortress) 

 = Bozrah. And the Horite list also contains local names, 

 Uz, Ebal, and perhaps others. A large proportion, 

 too, of the names ends in an or am, equivalent to the 

 Hebrew termination in on, which in many cases seems to 

 be a tribal or local rather than an individual name-form. 1 

 But the Horite genealogy, like the Arabic lists, is full 

 of animal names. This fact has been already observed 

 by Dillmann, who had no theory to guide him ; and I 

 have only to repeat his etymologies, most of which are 

 indeed obvious. 



1 On this form see Wellhausen, ut supra, p. 37. I cannot, however, 

 think that he is right in making the termination a mere nunation. 



