i88i] ANIMAL WORSHIP AND ANIMAL TRIBES 473 



stripping off the terminational am, nbir, the Ibex (comp. 

 the Kenite name Jael). Another is aw, Je ush, which 

 is the phonetical equivalent of the Arabic lion-god Ya- 

 ghuth &quot; the protector.&quot; Again, in ver. 27, Akan (]%$), 

 son of Ezer, is generally identified with the &quot; sons of 

 Ja akan,&quot; Deut. x. 6, and i Chron. i. 42 actually gives 

 ]^s\ Here again, if we reject the termination, we seem 

 to have a form equivalent to Yauq. 



These Horite or Edomite names form a bridge for us to 

 pass over to the Children of Israel, or at least to the tribe 

 of Judah. That many Midianite and Edomite tribal 

 names are found among the Hezronites (that is the 

 originally nomadic inhabitants of D^sri, nomad encamp 

 ments) is a point to which Wellhausen has called attention 

 (lit supra, p. 38 seq.). I will not reproduce his list, but 

 content myself with pointing out that some of these names 



o 



are animal. Epher, *IDI&amp;gt;, Feca/3= A, fawn, or calf of 



the wild cow, is Midianite, Judean, and Manassite (Gen. xxv. 

 4 ; i Chron. iv. 17 ; v. 24) ; and of the names already 

 noticed we have in Judah Shobal and |*i which differs 

 from Aran only in pointing. The fact that thirteen 

 Edomite and two Midianite names appear identically or 

 with slight variations among the Hezronites can hardly 

 be explained except on the principles of totem kinship. 



But indeed we find the same distribution of stock- 

 names over a wide surface in the various tribes and 

 districts of Israel itself. Here we must always bear in 

 mind that our records are drawn from a time of compara 

 tively high civilization and settled agricultural life. Thus 

 we shall often have to deal with names of towns rather 

 than of tribes or clans. But the townsmen formed a sort 

 of clan, as is plain from the way in which towns figure in 

 the genealogies. Thus we find Ophrah (rriDs), fawn, 

 as a town in Benjamin, a town in Manasseh, and again 

 in the Judean genealogies (i Chron. iv. 14) as a son of 



