O^ 1 A NURSERY. 15 



or eighteen inches apart in the rows the soil should 

 be rich, for the vigour of a young tree is one of its 

 most valuable properties ; no cultivation or soil will 

 effectually overcome the want of it : trees will seldom 

 fail, even when removed to a soil of different charac- 

 ter from the nursery wherein they were raised, if they 

 have the benefit of good cultivation and good soil ; 

 these will produce a correspondent effect on the 

 growth of the tree wherever raised : when young trees 

 have been planted two years, they will be fit for in- 

 grafting in the ground ; if the growth be vigorous and 

 the soil rich, this may often be done in one year, but 

 always in the spring : this mode of ingrafting is pre- 

 ferable to all others for its simplicity, economy and 

 certainty : the earth is removed with a hoe about an 

 inch in depth from the stocks, which are then sawed 

 off, so as to leave the top of the stump rather below 

 the level of .the ground around it the stocks are 

 then split, the cions inserted in the clefts, and the 

 earth drawn up so as to cover the tops of the stocks 

 about one or two inches ; leaving one or two buds of 

 each cion exposed no composition or clay is neces- 

 sary in this operation, the covering of earth sufficient- 

 ly protects the cions from the air and sun. 



The operation of budding is performed in the se- 

 cond growth, from the middle of June to the middle of 

 August, of the second year after transplanting into the 



