200 Explanation of Terms. 



and the stamens are lacking ; staminate, when the stamens 

 are present and the pistil is lacking. 



(3) The seed-case is free, when it is not attached along 

 its sides to the calyx ; adherent, when it is so attached. 



(4) The flower is terminal, when it is at the end of a 

 branch ; axillary, when it springs from the base of the 

 leaf-stem, i. e., from the " axil" of the leaf. 



III. 



THE FRUIT. 



The fruit consists of the ripened seeds and their wraps. 

 (For the different kinds see the Fruit Guide, page xxvii.) 



IV. 



THE LEAF. 



(1) A leaf is simple, when it is of one piece ; compound, 

 when there are two or more entirely distinct parts, called 

 leaflets, on the one leaf-stem. 



A compound leaf is feather-shaped, when the leaflets are 

 placed along the sides of the leaf-stem ; hand-shaped, when 

 all the leaflets radiate from the end of the leaf-stem, like 

 fingers from the palm of the hand.* 



(2) The leaf is entire, when its edge is an even line 

 without indentation ; toothed, when it is set with an in- 

 definite number of sharp or blunt teeth ; lobed, when the 

 indentations are deep and of a definite number. 



(3) The leaf is needle-shaped, or line-shaped, when it is 

 very narrow, or sometimes scarcely more than a line ; 

 lance-shape, when it is much longer than wide, and 

 gradually tapering to a point ; inversely lance-shape, when 



* NOTE i. Compound leaves may be once, twice, or three times compound. 

 NOTE 2. The leaflets of a compound leaf can be distinguished from a simple leaf by 

 the absence of leaf-buds from the base of their stems. 



