ASPECT AND POSITION OF VINERIES. 31 



approved. It is naturally warmer, the back wall affording con- 

 siderable shelter, and on this account it is the best adapted for cold or 

 exposed localities. Fig. 8 represents a house about fifteen feet in 

 width, with a roof at an angle of forty degrees. This may be made 

 much more acute, and the whole modified as may seem desirable ; but 

 very steep lean-to Vineries are extremely sensitive to a too rapid rise 

 of temperature, and require great care in ventilation, to prevent the 

 consequent scorching of the Vines. 



Fig. 9 represents what is generally termed a three-quarters span or 

 hipped-roof Vinery. It is a combination of the lean-to and span-roof, 

 and unites to a great degree the advantages of both styles. For 

 general purposes there is no better form of Vinery than this, and it 

 admits of easy and thorough ventilation by the short lights at the 

 back, without in anyway interfering with the front roof of the house. 

 The Vines in a house of this sort are planted as recommended for the 

 lean-to Vinery, and the best aspect is as nearly due south as possible. 

 For Muscat Grapes, requiring a high temperature and plenty of 

 sunlight, the three-quarters span is greatly to be recommended, as also 

 for late-keeping Grapes. 



We also give representations, figs. 10 and 11, of a span-roofed 

 Vinery, so called from the roof forming a span or arch. This style of 

 structure has become extremely popular since the days of cheap hot- 

 houses. It is the most elegant and ornamental, especially in isolated 

 positions. There is no other form of Vinery nearly so pretty, or one 

 which affords so much roof space for the development of the Vines. 

 For the general cultivation of Grapes, the span-roof Vinery answers 

 extremely .well. The whole being glass, the amount of air and light 

 admitted is very great, and this is decidedly beneficial to the 

 Vines at certain seasons. The disadvantages are, that having so large 

 a glazed or cooling surface exposed, it is much more difficult to main- 

 tain a high or regular temperature in a house of this form. On this 

 account span-roofed houses are not so well adapted for early forcing or 

 for the cultivation of Muscat Grapes. 



In regard to position or aspect, the rule for span-roofed houses is 

 the reverse of that which has been recommended for the other 

 forms. The best and greatest results are here obtained by placing 

 the ridge due north and south, the one side thus facing east, and 

 receiving the full benefit of the morning sun, whilst the other being 

 due west, receives in a like manner the afternoon sun, the direct 

 or mid-day sun striking somewhat obliquely on both sides. Thus 

 both sides receive about an equal amount, and a much longer 

 continuance of the vertical rays of the sun than could be secured by 

 adopting any other position. In the case of a span-roofed house 

 placed so that one side faces south, the other must be due north, 

 and under such circumstances the Vines on the south side receive 

 all the benefit of the solar rays, and those on the north are 



