THE PHYLLOXERA VASTATRIX. 



109 



stances have not been favourable or the lapse of time sufficient for its 

 development. Unfortunately, since the appearance of the last edition 

 of VINES AND VINE CULTURE, we have made personal acquaintance 

 with this scourge, examples of both the leaf form (fig. 49) and the 

 root form (fig. 45a) having been discovered amongst some young 

 Vines in one of the houses in the Gardens. We here quote Mr. 

 Andrew Murray's account of it, as given in the last edition of 

 Thompson's Gardeners' Assistant. This, with Mr. Worthington Smith's 

 sketches borrowed from the Gardeners' Chronicle, will be sufficient to 

 put cultivators on their guard against its intrusion, and enable them to 

 recognise it if, unfortunately, it should make its appearance : 



"The Phylloxeridce are intermediate between the scale insects and green-flies, 

 etc they have the clubbed digitules on the tarsi, which are present in the 

 Coccidce, and wanting in the Aphides, and in their younger stages are more 

 allied to the Coccidce, while in their winged and more perfect state they are more 

 nearly allied to the Aphides. 



Fig. 45. PHYLLOXERA VASTATRIX, root form : a, portion of Vine root 

 showing swellings and galls ; b, hibernating larva ; c, d, e, forms of more 

 matured larvae ; /, pupa of short-bodied form (tig. 48 a) ; g, vesicles found in 

 abdomen. All the figures, except a, greatly enlarged. 



"Within the last ten years or so a sore malady has fallen upon the Vines 

 both in France and America, and also on the Vines in the hot-houses in this 

 country ; and although it is not yet admitted by all naturalists to be due to 

 the Phylloxera vastatrix, few entertain any doubt on the subject. The French 

 Gorernment has certainly entertained none, for it has offered a prize of twenty 

 thousand francs for any remedy or preventative against its attacks. This has 

 given rise to a flood of specifics of all kinds. The rurnber of so-called remedies 

 is said to have exceeded one thousand, the examination of which alone has 

 entailed on the French officials an unheard-of amount of trouble, especially as 



