OF THE MARQUIS OF WORCESTER. 311 



to acknowledge any of the King s later creations of 

 Peers, he was uniformly styled Earl of Worcester ; but 

 at the Restoration in 1660, his proper style of Marquis 

 of Worcester was fully recognized. These latter party 

 distinctions now materially serve to fix or limit the 

 dates of some documents, not otherwise to be ap 

 proximated. 



Until the 27th year of his age we meet with little 

 respecting his education, travels, and pursuits. With 

 his marriage commenced his engagement with that 

 artificer Caspar Kaltoff, whom he employed in pro 

 moting his own practical course of studies in a branch 

 of inquiry which had never before, and has never since, 

 been so assiduously examined and tested. The pursuits 

 then commenced and indefatigably pursued, as well for 

 instruction as amusement, combined with a strong 

 natural bias for such occupations, may have served at 

 a later period, under less favourable circumstances, to 

 lighten the tedium of exile and imprisonment. 



He enjoyed but seven years of married life, being 

 then left with three children, and remained a widower 

 for three years ; when, in 1639, he married a second 

 time, having but one child by his second marriage, 

 who died an infant. In the family group, painted by 

 Hanneman (now first engraved), the artist has drawn 

 him seated beside his wife and child ; but when this 

 work was executed is unknown, although it most likely 

 dates between 1639 and 1641. 



The breaking out of the Civil War would seriously 

 interfere with the Marquis of Worcester s scientific 

 investigations ; he would no longer be able to settle 

 down to the serious study of his favourite authors ; his 

 models and mechanical experiments would be in abey 

 ance ; and there was no alternative left for him but 

 to unite himself to the cause either of the King or the 



