WITH NOTES. 495 



This stoicism and total absence of the least ray of 



mental enthusiasm are the first remarkable circumstances 



to strike our observation. Here, after a lapse of three 



years, some encouragement, and writing on the matter 



of a great discovery, the precious jewel is treated as if 



it were of the nature of the most ordinary pump. &quot; And 



though my thoughts have been long employed about 



water-works,&quot; yet we are to presume that he never 



heard of the great u Water-commanding Engine&quot; at 



Vauxhall, 30 years previous. He believes in his having 



&quot; found out this new, but yet a much stronger and 



cheaper force than any before made use of,&quot; yet never, 



even remotely, declares how or in what way he came by 



it. &quot; But finding this of rarefaction by fire/ as he says, we 



on our part naturally ask, And pray where and how 



did you find it ? He names the considerations that 



&quot; encouraged him to invent engines to work by this 



new force &quot; but from the time of producing the model 



of 1699 to the last improvement of 1702, there was no 



essential difference ; the invention remained the same 



throughout. The only difficulties in his way were, 



in his own words, &quot;the oddest and most insuperable,&quot; 



but we are left to guess in what their oddness consisted. 



He finally states, in his first chapter : &quot; I may 

 modestly affirm that the adventurer or supervisor of the 

 mine will be freed from that perpetual charge, expence, 

 and trouble of repairs which all other engines ever yet 

 employed in mines for the raising of water are continu 

 ally liable unto.&quot; 



In Article No. 100, of the &quot; Century,&quot; however, it is 

 shortly but expressly urged, as one important point, 

 that the engine works, &quot; with little charge, to drain all 

 sorts of mines, &c.&quot; 



It appears from documents dated 1664, relating to 

 Vauxhall, that Caspar Kaltoff is named therein 



