THE WEEDS OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 109 



Grows throughout the district, and is spreading rapidly. (Glen Innes.) 



First appeared about sixteen years ago, when it was introduced by travelling 

 stock. As a rule, it grows along the road sides, and in cultivated and ring- 

 barked land, wherever growing excluding valuable grasses. Little or no 

 attempt is made to eradicate it. (Manilla.) 



Is spreading in both cultivated and uncultivated lands. It is kept in check 

 on cultivated land by cutting down. It is injurious to sheeps' wool. (Cowra.) 



Injurious to stock. Introduced into the district eight years ago by travelling 

 stock, and is now spreading in both cultivated and uncultivated lauds. 

 (Molong.) 



This weed appears to have been introduced to the Bathurst district by the 

 millers about seven or eight years back in New Zealand wheat. In that colony 

 this thistle is highly esteemed on the stations, where sheep and horses thrive on 

 the buds and flowers during the hot dry weather, when grass has become scarce. 

 (Eglinton, Bathurst. ) 



Flourishes and spreads in any soil or under any condition. It is kept in 

 check by chopping down and burning. (Narrabri.) 



Found growing throughout the district. It is utterly useless. (Singleton.) 



Occupies some of the best lands, particularly alluvial flats. Kangaroo rats 

 feed on the roots. It is gradually dying out. (Booral.) 



Thrives in almost every class of soil. It is sometimes cut down or brushed. 

 (Tintenbar.) 



Though growing in the district, it is not at present very troublesome. 

 (Wardell.) 



Spreads rapidly. Mostly frequents public roads. No attempt has been made 

 to eradicate it. (Byron Bay.) 



Grows vigorously at first, but is soon either crowded out by grasses or dies.. 

 It is never found growing in cultivated land. (Murwillumbah.) 



As a rule, frequents cultivated land, in which it is very troublesome. Many 

 of the farmers cut it down, while others make no attempt to keep it in check, 

 thereby seeding the adjoining clean lands. (Mudgee.) 



Grows throughout the district. (Oberen.) 



Very common in the district. (Blayney.) 



First appeared in 1884, when seed was introduced by sheep. It is now 

 spreading all over the district. In cultivated lands the farmers do their utmost 

 to keep it under control, but in uncultivated land no steps have been taken for 

 its eradication. (Orange.) 



Appears around root stumps immediately after ringbarking, also at the sides 

 of fences in cultivated land. In cultivated land it is annually destroyed by 

 hoeing, though in uncultivated land it is untouched, and is spreading. (Pomona, 

 Wellington.) 



Not edible by stock, and it sticks in theVool of sheep. Introduced from the- 

 Upper Macquarie River by the waters of the river. Spreads rapidly in culti- 

 vated land and rich soils, while poor grass lands are almost free from it. 

 (Wellington.) 



Made its appearance about eight years ago. Has an extremely long thorn. 

 Grows wherever the soil has been disturbed. (Neville.) 



One of the most troublesome and useless weeds in the district. (Dubbo.) 

 Appears immediately after ringbarking. The local municipal council has 

 passed a bylaw compelling the eradication by fire of all noxious weeds in the 

 district. (Dubbo.) 



Frequents mostly cultivated and forest land, and, owing to the opening up 

 of country by ringbarking, is rapidly spreading. In cultivated land only it is 

 kept in check. ( Narromine. ) 



How to Get Rid of It. It may be removed by cutting the first year plants 

 below the crown of the root with a spud. Second year old plants can be 

 mown down in flowering time. Never let them seed. In this way, by care- 

 ful treatment, a paddock may be cleared of it, but, as a rule, the ground 

 in the vicinity of thistles contains a plentiful sprinkling of seed, unless the 

 very greatest care has been taken to kill the thistles before the seed has had 

 time to mature. At an Agricultural Conference, the late Hon. G. H. Cox, 

 M.L.C., gave an amusing account (to the hearers) of his experience with 



