42 



used after roots or corn, it is likely to bring more seed to the surface). 

 Sow a crop of grain the following spring and seed with clover. ^Pull 

 weeds by hand out of the grain crop ; take a crop or two of hay, or 

 pasture ; and break up the clover sod, treating it as outlined in the note 

 to Mr. Rennie's method of cleaning land. (See page 8). When neces- 

 sary at any stage in this method, use a grubber or subsoil plow to stir 

 the soil to a greater depth than is reached by the surface cultivation. 



Spraying with 2 per cent. Copper Sulphate (10 Ibs. dissolved in 50 

 gallons of waterj, according to some authorities, gives good results, but the 

 Mustard must be young or the spraying will be valueless. This method 

 was tried here on some Mustard, and killed all the young plants touched 

 by the spray. 



FIG. 16. 



WORMSEED MUSTARD, OR TREACLE MUSTARD. 



Erysimum cheiranthoides (L). 



A native weed, which seems to be spreading rapidly through the 

 Province. Many specimens have been sent here for examination during 

 the past year. 



An annual or winter annual with erect and branching stems from 8 

 in. to 2 ft. high. The foliage is bright green and abundant. The leaves 

 are long, tapering at the base into a short petiole, and they are covered 

 with T-shaped hairs. The flowers are yellow and about J in. across. The 

 little stalks (pedicels) holding the pods, come out from the stem obli- 

 quely, but the pod stands erect on the pedicel, parallel with the stem. 

 The pod is about an inch long and four-angled, with one row of seeds 

 in each cell. The S3eds are 1-16 in. long and light brown in color, with 

 a furrow on one side (Fig. I6a). An average plant produces 25,000 seeds. 



Time of flowering, June-July. Time of seeding, July-August. 



Dispersal frequently as an impurity in Clover seed. 



Eradication. Hand pulling and burning is the best remedy when 

 the weed occurs in small quantities; but where there is much of it, the 

 following procedure is advised : Harrow stubble-ground early after har- 

 vest or gang-plow and harrow. As soon as the seeds have had time to 

 sprout, cultivate ; repeat the cultivation, and rib up the land with a 

 double mouldboard plow the last thing in the fall. Put in a hoed crop, 

 either roots or corn, the following spring, and cultivate thoroughly 

 throughout the growing season. Cultivate after the roots or corn, sow a 

 crop of grain, and seed with clover. If not too much, pull weeds by 

 hand out of the grain crop ; take a crop or two of hay or pasture ; and 

 break up the clover sod, treating it as outlined in note to Mr. Rennie's 

 method of cleaning land. (See page 8). 



