EVIDENCE PKOVING THE STATEMENT OF THE CASE 117 



the brain, that is, that surface which is next the skull. 

 These are the thinking cells. 1 They form, in mass, what 

 is called the cortical substance of the brain, or the grey 



while it makes the object visible as a whole, often obscures its 

 structure ; hence the nucleus and nucleolus, in these cases, become 

 obscured. Now, the fact that there is this selective power in parts of 

 these extremely minute creatures is very important to observe. It is 

 exactly the same in principle as our magnet, our iron, and our nickel, 

 as described on page 74. And it is also exactly the same, in principle, 

 where the cells of which the body is composed, select from the 

 complex mixture the blood the essentials for their development. 

 But the iiucleolus of some cells will not take the colour, at least, any 

 known colour. Here, again, is the selective power in a negative 

 sense. So that there are cells in which no nucleolus can be seen. 



i "Our thoughts are the expression of molecular changes in that 

 matter of life which is the source of our other vital phenomena. "- 

 (" Critiques and Addresses," T. H. Huxley, LL.D., F.R.S., 1890, 

 p. 283.) 



" As there is no bile without liver, no urine without kidneys, so is 

 there no thought without a brain : mental activity is a function of 

 the cerebral substance. This truth is simple, clear, easily supported 

 by facts, and indisputable." (" Force and Matter," Dr. Louis 

 Buchner, 1864, p. 139.) 



" That the brain is the organ of intelligent sensation and motion 

 is proved by the facts of comparative anatomy already alluded to, 

 and by common experience. The same proposition is established by 

 clinico-pathological facts, and by the study of animals after removal 

 of a hemisphere or of the cortex. Experimentally we learn that 

 after removal of the cortex an intelligent animal is reduced to the 

 state of a non- intelligent automaton, responding indeed to a stimuli, 

 internal as well as external, but failing to interpret the significance 

 of present events in accordance with bygone experience. A brainless 

 dog is stupid ; he may see a bone in front of his eyes without show- 

 ing sign that he knows the meaning of a bone, or the use to which 

 it may be put ; he may hear the crack of a whip, but he no longer 

 shows sign of fear, for he does not remember its sting ; his former 

 purposeful behaviour has entirely disappeared : in short, he has lost 

 memory and judgment." (" An Introduction to Human Physiology,'" 

 A. D. Waller, M.D., F.R.S., 1896, p. 530.) 



