28 WHEATGROWING IN AUSTRALIA. 



are known as stump-jump implements, ploughs and cultivators are 

 used. These are available on the market, and as " Yankee-grub- 

 bing" is certainly cheaper than the usual method of grubbing, it 

 has some attraction to the man with limited capital. The more 

 careful farmers, however, do not advocate this method. 



It must be remembered that the above prices for clearing are 

 where labour has to be employed. It must also be remembered that 

 the amount of timber on different classes of wheat country in the 

 different States varies very much, so while it is usually estimated 

 that clearing land for wheat costs about $4.30 per acre, it does not 

 mean that it will always cost that, or, in any case, that the settler 



THRESHING BY HORSE POWER. 



has to pay that amount out in cash. After the timber is grubbed 

 and pulled down it is usually piled together and burnt. It burns 

 well, and the burning enriches the soil. The settler starting in to 

 clear his farm has ever the future picture in mind of when the work 

 is done, and he has a beautifully-cleared, improved property on 

 which to spend the latter years of his life.. And there is no finer 

 picture than an improved wheat farm, with its alternation of park- 

 like paddocks, paddocks carrying a flock of sheep, paddocks of 

 growing crops, and paddocks of fallowing ploughed land ready for 

 the crop next season, or perhaps carrying a rotation crop of oats, 

 rape, or cowpea. The homestead, surrounded 'by its orchard, stables, 

 hayshed, and machinery sheds, and poultry run, will stand upon a 



