THE COW AND THE DAIRY. 



15 



The nose or muzzle. In the Devon, Hereford, and Sussex, the muzzle is preferred when of 

 a clear golden color. When brown or dark, it is an indication that this breed has been 

 crossed with some of the Welsh or other breeds. 



The forehead should neither be narrow nor very broad the eye prominent. The nostril be 

 tween the eye and muzzle should be thin, which is particularly the case in the best breeds 

 of the Devon cattle. 



The harm should be thin, projecting- horizontally from the head, and turning up at the tips, as 

 in the breeds of the Devon, Sussex, and Hereford. 



The neck should be neither long nor short, full at the sides and not too deep in the throat, com- 

 ^ing out from the shoulders nearly level with the chine, with a thin dewlap. 



The top of the plate bones should not be too wide, but rising upon a level with the chine, and 

 well thrown back, so that there may be no hollowness behind ; this point gives facility to 

 the walk. From the point of the shoulder to the top of the plate bones should be rather full 

 outside, to admit the ribs to bow. 



The shoulder point should lay flat with the ribs without any projection. When the shoulder 

 point projects outward, the beast seldom fattens well about the shoulder vein. 



The breast should be wide and open, projecting forward. 



The chine should lie straight, and well covered with flesh. 



HIGHLAND BREEDS. The cattle of the Highlands of Scotland are of small bulk 

 and very hardy. The most esteemed are those belonging to the Western High 

 lands and Isles, called the Argyleshire breed, and frequently kyloes. It is thought 

 that this breed might be much improved by judicious crossing, as was seen in the 

 case of the Ayrshire kyloe, formerly mentioned. This breed is rather handsome 

 in appearance ; the horns are long and upright, head large, neck short and deep, 

 legs of a good length, and the beef is in general estimation. The cattle of the 

 Highlands and Isles are bred on an extensive scale of farming for the purpose of 

 sending to the southern markets. Small in size at first, they increase in bulk as 

 they are transferred to a more genial climate and richer pasturage as they pro 

 ceed southward, till, by annual stages, they reach the neighborhood of London, 

 when they are large and heavy. The breeds may, therefore, be considered more i 

 an object of culture for the shambles than the dairy. 



The ALDERNEY breed of cattle is awkwardly shaped, with short, bent horns, | 

 and light red, dun, or fawn-colored skins. The appetite of the Cow is voracious, 

 and it yields little milk, but that is of an exceedingly rich quality, and the ani 

 mal is on that account preferred by families who do not regard the expense of 

 keep. 



We once knew an honest dairy-woman maintain that the milk of one Alder- \ 

 ney Cow would color the butter from the milk of seven common Cows, mixed 

 with hers. The Alderney Bull is vicious and intractable, but nothing can equal 

 the beautiful color and richness of the milk and cream from the Alderney Cow. 

 Noblemen in England, some of them rich enough to give a guinea for a tea-spoon 

 ful of cream for their coffee, keep an Alderney in their magnificent parks, espe 

 cially for the means of improving that delicious beverage especially when made 

 of old Mocha such as was offered, and by her own fair hands administered to 

 her friends by a lady of this City on New-Year s day, in lieu of hebetating egg- 

 nogy and other inebriating liquors or liqueurs. 



In adverting briefly to the properties of cattle, it will be advisable to de 

 scribe the points by which they are characterized : 



