fourteen Cows calved before the two hundred and eighty-fourth day, and three hundred and ten 

 after the two hundred and eighty-eighth day. 



Miscarriage occurs oftener in the Cow than in all other domestic animals put together. Per 

 haps it is one of the greatest annoyances the proprietor of Cows has to encounter ; and unfor 

 tunately, for aught we see to the contrary, it is likely so to continue ; for, in spi e of the improved 

 state of veterinary medicine, and the researches of skillful veterinary surgeons, both at home and 

 abroad, miscarriage still continues as frequent and annoying as ever. The causes are frequently 

 involved in obscurity ; but it may be mentioned that an exti emely hot and foul cow-house, a severe 

 blow, violent exertion, starvation, plethora, an overloaded stomach, internal inflammations, con 

 stipated bowels, bad food or water, improper exposure and the like, will now and then produce 

 miscarriage. Anything whatever, indeed, that seriously affects the health of the animal in general, 

 or the state of the reproductive organs in particular, may do so. But miscarriage occurs again and 

 again when no such causes as those enumerated can be traced. The disease, if such it may be called 

 as I think it may is even said to be infectious. No sooner does it show itself in one animal than 

 it is seen in another, and another, till it has spread over the most part of the cow-house. Some say 

 this is to be attributed to the odor arising from the substances evacuated. Possibly it may be so ; 

 thei-e is nothing unreasonable in the supposition ; for although we cannot perceive the smell, nor 

 account for its peculiar influence, it is still quite within possibility that such an odor does exist, 

 having the power attributed to it. There can be no great harm, however, in acting as if we were 

 assured that the mischief has its origin in the source so commonly supposed, provided we do not 

 shut our eyes to any other which accident or investigation may reveal. In the meantime, the num 

 ber of miscarriages may be diminished by carefully avoiding all those causes which are known to 

 be capable of producing it. Let the Cows be regularly fed ; let their food be good and in proper 

 quantities; let them have water as often as they will take it; avoid sudden exposure to cold or 

 heat ; and, above all, let the cow-house be well ventilated. Prohibit all manner of rough usage 

 on the part of those who look after the Cows, -whether they be pregnant or not. If any of them 

 accumulate flesh too rapidly, gradually reduce their allowance ; and. on the other hand, if any be 

 come emaciated, discover the cause, and remedy it, always by slow degrees. Sudden changes in 

 the matter or mode of feeding should also be avoided. The same sort of diet does not agree 

 equally well with all the Cows; and this, in general, is indicated by undue relaxation or constipa 

 tion of the bowels : this should be watched, and removed at once. Attention to these and many 

 other minor circumstances will amply repay the proprietor for the little additional trouble. 



&quot; When the farmer perceives symptoms of miscarriage, he should,&quot; says Professor Youatt, in 

 his excellent work on Cattle, &quot;remove the Cow from the pasture to a comfortable cow 

 house or shed. If the discharge is glaring, but not offensive, he may hope that the calf is not 

 dead he will be assured of this by the motion of the fcctus, and then it is impossible that the mis 

 carriage may yet be avoided. He should hasten to bleed her, and that copiously, in proportion to 

 her age, size, condition, and the state of excitement in which he may find her ; and he should give 

 a dose of physic immediately after the bleeding, (this may be 1 Ib. of Epsom salts in a quart of 

 warm water). The physic beginning to operate, he should administer half a drachm of opium, 

 and half an ounce of sweet spirits of nitre ; unless she is in a state of great debility, he should 

 avoid, above all things, the comfortable drink which some persons recommend ; he should allow 

 nothing but gruel, and keep his patient as quiet as he can. By these means he may occasionally 

 allay the general or local irritation that precedes or causes the miscarriage, and the Cow may yet 

 go her full time.&quot; 



WOMB INFLAMMATION. This affection of the womb occurs after calving 



or bulling. The symptoms are, great irritation and pain. Bleed and give the following drench : 



Epsom salts, 1 pound ; Powdered can-away seeds, 2 ounces ; Warm gruel, 3 pints. 

 Bathe the womb with Goulard water, or vinegar and water in equal parts. 



CALVING TABLE. 



