TREATISE ON MILCH COWS. 



Above the hindmost teats are two small oval marks (G Gr), formed by down 

 ward growing hair in the field of ascending hair. They are about five or six 

 inches long, by two and a half wide. The hair within them is of a lighter color 

 than that without. 



The nearer the escutcheon approaches to the vulva, the better the Cow. 



SECOND ORDER. These Cows yield, while at the hight of their flow, fourteen 

 litres a day, and continue to give milk until they are seven months gone with 

 calf. 



The escutcheon is the same as in the First Order, only somewhat reduced in 

 size. The square figure near the vulva commences lower down, and is longer 

 than the one just described. There is but one oval above the teats, to the left 

 (Or), of the same size as those in the First Order. 



THIRD ORDER. These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield twelve 

 litres a day, and continue to give milk until they are six months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is the same in its general shape, but it is more contracted in 

 all its parts, and does not extend so high up. The points A A are nearer to the 

 inner surface of the thighs ; and the escutcheon is narrower at the points J J, 

 where the outline has acquired a curved character. 



The angular space between J J and E is narrower than the streak E B, and 

 shorter than B C. The latter is wider and longer than in the preceding Order. 



FOURTH ORDER. These Cows yield, while at the hight of their flow, ten litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are five months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is still more reduced in size. To the right of the vulva there 

 is a streak of bristling hair, growing upward (F), about four inches long, by one 

 and a half wide. Below the point A, to the right, there is a space (U) where 

 the upward growing hair fails, and is replaced by descending hair. 



FIFTH ORDER. These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield eight litres 

 a day, and continue to give milk until they are four months gone with calf. 



The unfavorable marks are the same as in the preceding Order, only more con 

 spicuous and on a larger scale. 



SIXTH ORDER. These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield six litres a 

 day, and continue to give milk until they are three months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is yet more contracted, confined to the inner surface of the 

 thighs, and more distant from the vulva. To the right and left of this orifice are 

 streaks or lines of ascending hair, coarse and bristling. 



SEVENTH ORDER. These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield four 

 litres a day, and continue to give milk until they are two months gone with calf. 



The escutcheon is smaller still. The streak of ascending hair (F) on the right 

 is wider, and the hair more bristling. 



EIGHTH ORDER. These Cows yield, while at the hight of their flow, two litres 

 a day, and go dry upon being got with calf. 



The shape of the escutcheon is still perceptible ; but it is very email, and hid 

 away between the thighs. 



COW OF MEDIUM HIGHT, 



FIRST ORDER. These Cows, while at the hight of their flow, yield from twelve 

 , to thirteen litres a day, and they continue to give milk until they are eight 

 months gone with calf. 



SECOND ORDER. These Cows yield ten litres a day, and continue to give milk 

 seven months gone with calf. 



