AGRICULTURAL TEXT-BOOK. 57 



is used for every ten bushels produced; and that an average of 

 three bushels is annually used by every individual of the popu 

 lation. 



153. Botanists distinguish eleven species or sub-species, viz : 



1. Triticum cestivum, Spring Wheat. 



2. &quot; hybernum, - Winter Wheat, 



3. &quot; compositum, - Egyptian Wheat. 



4. &quot; turyidum, - - Turgid Wheat. 



5. Polonicum, - Poland Wheat. 



6. &quot; Spelta, - Spelt Wheat, 



7. monocuccum, - One-grained Wheat. 



8. &quot; compactum, - Compact Wheat. 



9. atratum, Dark-spiked Wheat. 



10. &quot; hordeiforme, - - Barley-like Wheat. 



11. &quot; Zea, - Far Wheat. 



154. Of these, however, some may only be varieties. In the 

 United States, two only, the Spring and Winter Wheat, are 

 generally grown; though it is believed that Spelt may occa 

 sionally be met with as a spring wheat. The latter, which is 

 the hardiest of the family, is cultivated in the south of Europe 

 and Germany ; and is known by its almost solid straw, and the 

 chaff adhering to the grain so as to be separated with great dif 

 ficulty. It may be grown on poor soils, but yields an inferior 

 flour in small quantities. The others have no peculiar merit, 



155. Spring Wheat was known in England as early as 1666, 

 but has been cultivated only to a small extent there ; and not to 

 a much greater one in Scotland. In the United States, it does 



o 



not appear to be as popular as formerly, except in districts, where 

 Fall Wheat is apt to be killed during winter. As a general thing, 

 the grain is not as large, contains more gluten, makes flour of a 

 different quality and flavor, and brings a lower price in tiie 

 market. Sir John Sinclair informs us that from 1767 to 1812 

 it was a practice with the best Scotch fanners to sow Fall Wheat 



