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AGRICULTURAL TEXT-BOOK. 



been attributed to their influence. Certain species are found in the liv 

 ing human body; and in the inferior animals. These are called Ento- 

 phyta. A striking instance is the disease which kills so many silk 

 worms, known as the Miueardine, where the Fungus is planted in the 

 fan and grows externally. Dr. Lddy,( Smithsonian Contrib.to Knowl ) 

 has described ten species of this order found in men. 



198. There are two species of Smut, (a,); the one (b,) Ure- 

 do caries, or fatidum, a brownish black dust, greasy, and fetid, 

 taking the place of the kernel of wheat. It does not appear 

 externally, being confined within the husk. The other (c,) 

 Uredo segetum, (Black care, Brand, Dust Brand, Burnt Cora, 

 &c.,) is met with in Barley and Oats as well as Wheat. It re 

 sembles a black dust, growing within the glumes of the plant. 

 It destroys the seed, and its envelopes. &quot; The spores are so 

 small that a square inch could contain 7,840,000 of them, and 

 within these again are inuraerable sporoles. Smut (a,) is un 

 doubtedly propagated from the wheat seed to the living plant. 

 M. Bauer (Trans, of Linnean Soc y., London, vol. xviii.,p. 

 468 J has shown that &quot; Smut-balls&quot; on grain can certainly be 

 produced by inoculating the seed with the sporoles of the fun 

 gus. These bodies are carried into the interior of the plant by 

 the sap, after being absorbed by the roots. Johnston says it 

 can be seen where they have come up through the stalk. When 

 examined, the tubes of the stalk were filled with black matter 

 that had come through the vessels, affecting first the straw, then 

 getting into the ear, whence it spreads itself all over. Thou 

 sands of the sporules may be attached to a single grain of 

 wheat, and yet be invisible to the naked eye. This disease is 

 most common on damp undrained soils, with impervious sub 

 soils ; and may be eradicated by (a,) thorough draining of the 

 land; (b,) and by washing the grain previous to sowing in 

 some saline mixture (193) and drying with slacked lime. 



199. Of Rust (b,) there are also two species. One (q) is 

 found scattered over the inner surface of the outer chaff scales, 

 the skin of which is raised into blisters. This is called by 



