CHAPTER XXI. 



FRUIT TREES AND VEGETABLES. 



633. To enter fully into a detail of orchard and garden 

 plants would too greatly enlarge this volume ; but the following 

 notes and analyses are given, the latter not being easily met 

 with, and as being both of interest and practical value to the 

 cultivator. The teacher will experience no difficulty in pro 

 curing such practical works in this department as will suffice 

 for his purpose ; and more persons appear to be familiar with 

 fruits and esculent vegetables than with agricultural. 



634. THE APPLE (Pyrus Mains,) (a,) a native of Europe, greatly 

 changed by cultivation (b,) varieties very numerous, as sour, sweet, 

 summer, autumn, winter, (c,) propogated by seeds grafts budding 

 (cuttings) (d,) American varieties superior : quality, and value de- 

 psnd on soil and climate (e,) cultivation, pruning, gathering, packing, 

 and preserving during winter (f,) dried, a considerable article of com 

 merce; machines for the purpose, various, (g,) profitable as food for 

 stock, especially the sweet varieties ; for hogs better cooked ; sour ap 

 ples said to dry up milch cows, (h,) cider making ; peculiar varieties 

 for the purpose ; process and implements ; fermentation, spiritous, ace 

 tic ; mustard seed delays the latter ; when bottled, contains free car 

 bonic acid gas ; the use of a raisin in each bottle in assisting to form 

 this gas, (i.) manures, bones, sulphuric acid ashes plaster salt 

 lime ammonia wheat bran, (j,) Insects and diseases, (k,) the ash 

 of fruit small, in quantity. 



635. Analysis of the Pulp (A;) and Skin (B,) of the Swaar 



apple. (Salisbury.) A 



Percentage of water, - 84.75 61.20 



&quot; &quot; dry matter, - 15.25 38.80 



&quot; ash. - - 0.26 0.72 



Ash, calculated on dry matter, - 1.705 1.856 



