124 FRUIT GARDEN. 



tain, climate makes an important difference in the culture 

 and ripening of pears, of which a remarkable and extreme 

 example may be seen in the Ohaumontelle a fruit which 

 is produced abundantly and ripened on standards in the 

 south-west of England, and even in the environs of London, 

 while it requires a south wall near Edinburgh. 



1. EARLY. 



Citron des Carmes, L. Hort. Cat., 190; Madeleine, 

 Lind., p. 344; in Scotland often called the Premature. 

 This is the earliest pear ; it ripens in July, acquiring a 

 } T ellowish-green color; it is sweet, but without much flavor. 

 One tree, or at most two trees, may suffice. It requires 

 in the English climate a sheltered situation. 



The Green Chisel, called also the Hastings, Pear James, 

 or Green Sugar. This is not a first-rate pear ; but the 

 tree is hardy and a great bearer. It ripens in August. 



The Summer Rose. A handsome round pear, of a rus- 

 sety-red color, much resembling an apple, flesh white, rich 

 and sugary. This is an excellent variety, succeeds on a 

 standard, and ripens in August. 



The Bis^p s Thumb is a hardy orchard pear of good 

 quality, and the tree is a free bearer. The fruit consider 

 ably resembles the muirfowl egg, but is earlier. 



The Jargonelle of Britain is the Grosse Cuisse Madame 

 of French horticultural writers, and the Epargne and Bau- 

 present of French practical gardeners. This is the most 

 common and most esteemed of our early autumn pears. 

 Against a wall the fruit attains a large size and a beau 

 tiful appearance ; but it is not of so high a flavor as from 

 standards or espalier rails. The fruit does not keep well, 

 and the tree should therefore be planted in various situa 

 tions to prolong its season, as it is rather difficult, .when 



