62 JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS PSYCHOLOGY 



ered. He relates that, at one place, he made a present of one 

 needle to each of over two score married women. 



&quot;Of course 1 kept no books, but I feel certain that every one of these 

 women brought me something with which to pay for the needle, most of 

 them saying that they did not want me to think that they were people 

 who accepted gifts. 7 (58: 200.) 



In Alaska he found just the opposite condition. 



20. GAMBLING 



According to Boas, &quot;In winter gambling is one of the fa 

 vorite amusements of the Eskimo.&quot; (5:567.) He describes 

 a game of chance which looks innocent enough. (5:569.) Mur 

 doch reports &quot;only one game which appears to be of the nature 

 of gambling&quot;; it is &quot;a very popular amusement.&quot; (42:364.) 

 Certain Alaskan natives are described by Holmberg as &quot;pas 

 sionate gamblers.&quot; It is &quot;not rare for them to lose all their 

 belongings in this way.&quot; (32:123.) In the Ungava district, 

 it is said that 



gambling is carried on to such a degree among both sexes that even their 

 own lives are staked upon the issue of a game. The winner often obtains 

 the wife of his opponent, and holds her until some tempting offer is made 

 for her return. The only article they possess is frequently wagered, and 

 when they lose they are greeted with derision. The women especially, 

 stake their only garments rather than be without an opportunity to play. 

 (66:178.) 



The methods, and probably the extent, of gambling have been 

 influenced by the white men. (See 66:178; 42:364.) Peary 

 found no gambling among the Eskimo with whom he came in 

 contact. (48:47.) 



21. MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 



As we have already noted, the Eskimo have no clan organi 

 zation. The selection of conjugal partners is restricted only 

 by certain degree of kinship. First cousins are prohibited from 

 intermarrying. (19 :79 ; 16.1 :147 ; 43 :175 ; 5 :579 ; 6 :158.) The 

 same prohibition seems to apply to a boy and girl who have 

 been reared in the same family, they being regarded practically 

 as brother and sister. An exception to the latter rule is noted 

 from East Greenland. (30:94.) Waldmann says that in Lab 

 rador marriage was often contracted between first cousins. 

 (69:435.) There are also traces of prohibition of marriage 



