CIVIL WARS. Iig 



with the exception of a short interval, during which the 

 Republic was administered by, Licenciado Jose del Valle, 

 remained in power until 1839, when the Federation came to 

 an end, and the five States, one by one, separated and re 

 sumed their autonomy. Since then, they have kept separate 

 under the names of Republics of Guatemala, Honduras, 

 Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. 



When the Royalists saw that they were completely 

 beaten by the Liberals, with the clergy they plotted against 

 the last, but with no other result than the sending in exile of 

 the bishops. They then entered into treaty with England for 

 the sale of their country to that power, but under the energy 

 and perseverance of General Morazan. the Confederation, 

 although wavering, was still keeping a good front to the 

 attacks of the Royalists, when the cholera made a sudden 

 appearance in the country. In some way the Royalists 

 availed themselves of this disastrous event to induce the 

 Indians to a revolt. They put an Indian, the celebrated 

 Carrera, at the head of the Indians, and in 1837, ne declared 

 war to General Morazan. Beaten several times by Morazan,. 

 he was at last victorious, and captured Guatemala, the capital, 

 on the igth of March, 1840, and proclaimed himself President 

 of the Republic, the nth of December, 1844. 



Several attempts have been made by several Presidents 

 to form again a federation between the five Republics ; but 

 nothing has come out of them. 



Nicaragua proclaimed its independence on the 3oth of 

 April, 1838, and from that time to novv, has been directed by 

 various Presidents under the names of Directors of the 

 Government. 



Here is the list of all the Directors and Presidents, since 

 1825, to date. It has been made out by by my esteemable 

 friend, Mr. Desire PecJor, Consul of the Republic of 

 Nicaragua, in Paris. 

 1825 1828 Manuel Antonio de la Cerda. 



1826 Pedro P. Pineda, Provisional. 

 1826 1827 Juan Arguello. 

 1829 1833 Dionisio Herrera. 



1830 Juan Espinosa, Provisional. 



1833 Benito Morales. 



1834 Jose Nunez. 

 x ^35 T ^37 J os Zepeta. 

 1837 1838 Jose Nunez. 



1840 Tomas Valladares. 

 12 



