THE LUNG I LAGUE. 9 



lungs.&quot; Haller determined its cause and said, &quot;Above all, we must abandon all hope that 

 the lung disease is not a contagious disease. * * * * * At all events, it is certain 

 that in our land, as often as the lung plague has appeared among cattle, the origin of the 

 disease has always been traced to the purchase of an animal from a suspected market, or 

 to one brought from an infected district into our land. At other times our country people 

 have fattened cattle with other cattle from infected parts.&quot; 



It is hard to trace the course of a disease during periods when little attention was 

 paid to comparative pathology. From 1774 to 1776 the lung plague prevailed in Tstria 

 and Dalmatia.* Epizootic aphthae made steady inroads from Eastern Europe into Austria 

 and other parts of the Continent. From 1778 to 1784 pleuropneumonia, no doubt very 

 common in many countries, is specially referred to by Kauset and Orus as in Silesia and 

 Istria. Its course during this and subsequent periods was involved in much obscurity, 

 owing to the more alarming outbreaks of rinderpest, which absorbed the attention of scien 

 tific men, and also tended, by the wholesale and rapid destruction of herds, to supersede 

 the more insidious pleuropneumonia. Huzard and Vicq d Azyr studied the malady in 

 1791, and report that in the years 1772, 1776, 1780, 1787, 1789, 1791, and 1792 it raged 

 among the milch cows of Paris and its neighborhood. Chabert described the malady in 

 1793, and recognized its contagious character, cautioning people against placing healthy 

 cattle in communication with sick ones. . loggia at that time studied the malady in Italy, 

 and it prevailed in Baden during the years 1787, 1788, 1792, 1794, and 1798. It is to 

 be regretted that little or nothing was known of this disease, which no doubt prevailed in 

 Russia during the last century ; and we are left to draw our own inference as to its probable 

 prevalence there, from indications of its introduction through Poland to Prussia, but more 

 frequently into Austria, Wiirtemberg, Switzerland, Northern Italy and France. 



Records of outbreaks during the present century are more satisfactory. Bojanus 

 studied the malady in Lithuania, and Jeuen first saw it in Russia in 1824. Haupt witnessed 

 it repeatedly in Siberia, and Bussee observed it in the neighborhood of St. Petersburg in 

 1843, 1844, 1845, and 1850. 



The malady invaded Prussia from 1802 to 1810, and was described by Sick in Rudol- 

 phi s Observations in Natural History and Medicine, published in Berlin, 1804. Diete- 

 rich witnessed it from 1815 to 1820, and Nogenfeld published in his work on the disease 

 official reports of its manifestations in the Dantzig district from 1821 to 1831. Gielen saw 

 the lung plague in 1832, at.Blandeuburg, and later, from 1837 to 1843, in Saxony. Sau- 

 berg, whose prize essay I have so often quoted, enters into very minute details concerning 

 the outbreaks of pleuropneumonia in the Rhine provinces of Prussia, from 1830 to 1840. 

 Some idea of the extent of the losses he had to report on may be derived from the fact 

 that in the single district of Diisseldorf ten thousand head of cattle were lost from pleuro 

 pneumonia in the eight years from 1832 to 1840. Gerlach has drawn attention to this 

 subject in Prussia with peculiar diligence since 1835, and remarks that he has watched 

 personally so many cases, in conjunction with historical researches, that he unhesitatingly 

 pronounces in favor of the view that pleuropneumonia is never developed spontaneously. 



The lung plague prevailed severely in Hanover in the years 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 

 1812, 1817, 1818. In 1819 Hausmann suggested and performed experiments in the 



* A. Fauti, sopra 1 epizoozia bovina in alcnni luoglii dclla Dalnmzia. Modeua, 1776. Heusinger also quotes memoirs 

 of Orus and Lotti. 



2 



