46 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Dr. Willems proceeded further. On the 19th of June, 1851, he inoculated several 

 cattle with the liquid expressed from healthy lungs without producing any effect. He 

 then inoculated a bullock that had previously had the disease, and witnessed no results ex 

 cept a little enlargement at the seat of the puncture. On the 28th of August, 1861, he 

 reinoculated a bullock that had been operated on six or seven months previously, and had 

 lost his tail ; and did the same with two small cows. 



On the 19th of January, 1852, he reinoculated three large bullocks, and on the 26th 

 of February three other bullocks, the whole of which had been successfully operated on 

 before. 



Fifty cattle that had not been inoculated were mixed in a stable with those referred 

 to, and with the following result : 



In the month of May, 1851, three bullocks sickened; on the 22d of June a fourth 

 case ; on the 26th a fifth ; on the 26th of July a sixth ; and at different dates up to the 

 10th of March, 1852, seventeen of the newly inoculated animals had suffered, and were 

 sold for slaughter, whereas the other thirty-three had doubtless a latent form of the malady. 



The conclusions drawn by Dr. Willems were as follows : 



1. Pleuropneumonia is not contagious by inoculation of the blood or other matters 

 taken from diseased animals and placed upon healthy ones. 



2. By the method that I employed one hundred and eight beasts were preserved 

 from pleuropneumonia, while of fifty beasts placed in the same stables and not inoculated, 

 seventeen became diseased, and the disease is now banished from these stables, which had 

 never been free from it since 1836. 



3. The inoculation of the disease itself, performed in the manner that I have described, 

 whether it may have occasioned apparent morbid manifestations or not, was the measure 

 that preserved the animals from pleuropneumonia. 



4. The blood and the serous and frothy liquid squeezed from the lungs of a diseased 

 animal in the first stage of pleuropneumonia are the most suitable matter for inoculation. 



5. The inoculation of the virus takes from ten days to a month before it manifests 

 itself by sensible symptoms. 



6. The matter employed for the inoculation has, in general, no effect upon an animal 

 previously inoculated or having had the disease. 



7. The inoculated animal braves the epizootic influences with impunity, and fattens 

 better and more rapidly than those in the same atmosphere with it that have not been 

 inoculated. 



8. The inoculation should be performed, with prudence and circumspection, upon lean 

 animals in preference, and toward the tenth day after the operation a saline purge may be 

 given, and repeated if necessary. 



9. By inoculating pleuropneumonia a new disease is produced; the affection of the 

 lungs, with all its peculiar characters, is localized in some sort on the exterior. 



10. The virus obtained from oxen affected with pleuropneumonia is of a nature entirely 

 specific; it does not always act as a virus; the bovine race alone is affected by its inocur 

 lation, while other animals of different races, inoculated in the same manner and with 

 the same liquid, experience no ill-effects. 



Dr. Willems accomplished much in his earlier experiments, as will be seen by com 

 paring the knowledge of the present day with the results of his original investigations. 



