96 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



The gall bladder is usually distended with viscid bile, and its lining membrane is at 

 times the seat of ramified redness. The coats of the gall bladder have been found, in 

 several cases, much thickened by interstitial, serous infiltration, which, from being retained 

 in the areola? of the connective tissue, had the appearance of a gelatinous mass. 



The spleen is uniformly enlarged, as indicated by the many observations noted in the 

 tables published in the appendix. The weight varies from two to ten pounds. It rarely 

 exceeds six or seven. One of the largest Texan spleens, weighing eight pounds, and found 

 by one of Dr. Rauch s inspectors in a slaughtered animal, measured twenty-seven inches 

 in length, seven and one-half inches in width, and three inches in thickness at its thickest 

 part. 



The spleen is of a purplish color, its peritoneal surface sometimes ecchymosed ; and 

 on making an incision into its capsule the pulp oozes out. A section shows the complete 

 effacement of the usual granular look, which is due to the Malpighian bodies, so well seen 

 in the ox s spleen. The scraping with a knife readily forces out the currant-jelly-like pulp, 

 and leaves the trabeculse free and clear. In thirty notably diseased spleens, Dr. Mann- 

 heimes found only two in which the trabeculse were firm and sound. They were generally 

 destroyed and completely undistinguishable from any other part of the tissues of the organ. 



URINARY ORGANS. 



The kidneys may be perfectly healthy, but are most commonly of a dark brownish- 

 red color, from intense congestion. The pelvis of each may be normal ; but, in the earliest 

 stages, I have found linear interstitial blood deposits in the mucous membrane. At first 

 these are of a bright arterial hue, but they become more extensive and dark in color as 

 the disease advances. Whenever there is bloody urine in the bladder, the pelvis of each 

 kidney contains some of the same. In one case I found one of the lobes of the right 

 kidney fluctuating on pressure, and, when opened, it was found to contain a cyst, distended 

 by a couple of ounces of dark, bloody urine. In the majority of cases the urinary blad 

 der is found very much distended with blood-colored urine. Its mucous surface may be 

 normal and pallid, but is sometimes congested ; and, in several cases, I have found it 

 studded with very minute ecchymoses, which have existed either in the fundus or at the 

 cervix, or have been thickly disseminated over the whole of the internal lining. The 

 organs of generation are found healthy, and cows with calf have always retained the foetus, 

 whether it was a few days or several weeks old. In one case I found the peritoneal sur 

 face of the womb studded with ecchymoses precisely similar to those seen on the internal 

 surface of the bladder, arid in another, the broad ligaments of the uterus had a marked 

 appearance of the same description. 



NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



In all the cases in which partial paralysis of the hind quarters alone was marked, 

 we found the upper cornua of the gray matter in the lumbar region reddened ; and the 

 microscopical examination showed blood-extravasations and staining of the nerve cells. 

 This appearance could be traced in all parts of the cord, in cases of more general paralysis ; 

 and, in one instance in which it was most general and marked, there was blood-extrava 

 sation outside the dura mater, beneath the medulla oblongata. The gray matter of the 

 medulla was itself slightly blood-stained. On opening the cranium, in one instance, we 



