THE SPLENIC FEVER. 97 



found the inner surface of the dura mater studded with bright red spots, similar to the 

 small ecchymoses seen in the urinary bladder ; and the spots were distributed over the 

 whole of the cranial surface. The pia mater is often congested, and the gray matter of 

 the cerebrum and the cerebellum often reddened. The puncta vasculosa, in the oval cen 

 ters, are very marked ; and the lateral ventricles, in one case, contained a little reddish- 

 colored serum. Beyond this tendency to congestion and occasional blood-extravasation, no 

 lesion was discovered in the nervous system ; and both white and gray matter were usually 

 firm and not softened. 



SPECIFIC OBSERVATIONS. 



The following group of observations of post-mortem appearances, made in the West 

 during the investigations of the summer of 1868, illustrate this branch of the subject 

 more specifically : 



Observation I, July 30, 1868. Red cow; the property of Mr. A. J. Moore, of 

 Tolono, killed by bleeding. Blood flowed freely, and was of a bright arterial hue. The 

 skin was removed and the respiratory organs first examined, and found in a normal state. 

 The pericardium was opened, and its reflected portion was sound; the heart of normal 

 size and consistency, but studded with puiictiform extravasations of blood around the 

 apex, on the left auricular appendix. The right cavities were found empty and normal. 

 The left were also empty, but there was extensive discoloration of the endocardium over 

 the fleshy pillars and the septum. It was of an alternate purple and blood-red tint, and 

 on cutting through the endocardium it was found infiltrated with blood. This infiltration 

 extended in some parts to a sixteenth of an inch in depth beneath the serous membrane. 

 The mouth, fauces, oesophagus, and the first three stomachs, were healthy. The fourth 

 stomach contained a greenish liquid, and its mucous surface was intensely reddened, with 

 the exception of the antrum pylori, which retained its normal color. The folds of the 

 cardiac end were thickly studded with ecchymoses, which appeared to have coalesced, and 

 the membrane had in many parts given way, so as to induce the appearance of small, 

 irregular ulcerations. There was no thickening around the ulcers, nor evidence of pro 

 gressive ulcerated change, but the solutions of continuity seemed due to the discharge of 

 epithelium and death of the subjacent membrane in the center of the bloody extravasa 

 tions. The duodenum was of a deep yellow, bile-tinged color. The jejunum and ileum 

 were carefully examined throughout their whole extent, and found reddened. Peyer s 

 glands were healthy. The caecum was reddened around the ileo-colic opening, and the 

 colon had irregular patches of congestion. In the rectum blood extravasations were found 

 all along the free margin of the folds. The spleen was of a deep purple hue, weight seven 

 and one-half pounds; and its structure was so disintegrated that a black mass of pulp 

 oozed out of the incisions, and with the slightest force nothing remained intact but the 

 trabeculax The liver and gall bladder weighed twenty-seven arid one-half pounds. They 

 were congested, but otherwise apparently healthy. The liver afforded indications of fatty 

 change. The kidneys were of a dark color, and contained bloody urine in the pelves. 

 The urinary bladder was enormously distended with dark, blood-colored urine, and weighed 

 with its contents nineteen pounds. The uterus was healthy, and contained a foetus about 

 a month old. The brain and spinal cord were carefully examined. The meninges were 



