102 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



severing the head from the neck, a considerable quantity of bloody serum flowed out of 

 the meninges. The cranial contents were somewhat congested, but otherwise healthy. 



Observation XI, August 8, 1868. Three-year-old steer; the property of Mr. - , 

 of Champaign. Killed by division of spinal cord. Organs of respiration healthy. Heart 

 of normal appearance, with the exception of slight ecchymoses in the left ventricle. 

 Mouth, fauces, gullet, and first three stomachs healthy. Fourth stomach of a dark 

 red color over the folds at the cardiac end, which were thickly studded with small, circu 

 lar ecchymoses; and, wherever these congregated, the epithelium was detached, and the 

 membrane exposed of a brownish color. Many of the isolated ecchymoses had abrasions 

 in their centers ; and the red areolse around the erosions sometimes spread out irregularly. 

 The abraded surface, in various parts, had the green contents of the stomach firmly adher 

 ing to them. The pyloric end was, to great extent, free from congestion, but was studded 

 with erosions and zigzag fissures. Three of the abraded spots were much larger than 

 the rest, extending from an inch and a half to three inches in length, by an inch to an 

 inch and a half in breadth. Over the larger abrasions a scab had formed, to which the 

 food was adherent. The irregular ulcers of the edges were red, but flat, and without 

 tending to thickening or erosions. The small intestine was congested throughout the fun- 

 dus of the caecum, of a deep red color, and over the whole mucous surface of the colon 

 there was ramified redness. In the rectum there was blood extravasation in the substance 

 of the mucous membrane, along the margin of the longitudinal folds. The liver and gall 

 bladder weighed twenty-one and a half pounds, but offered no sign of morbid lesion, beyond 

 fatty change in the gland. The spleen, of a dark color, with softened pulp, weighed five 

 and a half pounds. The kidneys were turgid with blood, and the urinary bladder was 

 much distended by bloody urine. The cerebro-spinal centers were healthy. 



Observation XII, August 11, 1868. Red cow; the property of L. R. Hastings, Chi 

 cago. This cow had been sick about a week, and was killed, by bleeding, for the purpose 

 of dissection. The organs of respiration, the organs of deglutition, and the first stomach 

 were healthy. The second stomach contained many foreign objects, such as nails and 

 wires, and one considerable piece of iron wire perforated the fundus. The mucous mem 

 brane was of a dull, dirty-red color over its whole surface. The third stomach was healthy. 

 The fourth stomach, reddened at its cardiac end, was studded, over the whole of its trans 

 verse folds, with grayish-yellow eminences of the size of an ordinary pin s head, as pre 

 viously described. The pyloric end was also somewhat congested, but studded throughout 

 with irregular ulcers, four of which were of considerable size, and near the intestinal open 

 ing. There was ramified redness throughout the whole of the mucous membrane of the 

 small intestine. The ileo-colic valve was ecchymosed, and ecchymoses were scattered ovei 

 the whole fundus of the caecum. The inner lining of the colon and rectum was con 

 gested. The liver and gall bladder appeared generally healthy, with the exception of some 

 congestion of the gland and fatty degeneration. The spleen was much enlarged and 

 thicker in the center than in any previously examined case. It weighed seven and one- 

 half pounds. Organs of respiration healthy. The heart was slightly ecchymosed on its 

 outer surface. The right cavities were full of frothy blood, and ecchymosed on the free 

 wall. The left ventricle was empty, and infiltrations of blood in and beneath the endo 

 cardium existed on the fleshy pillars and the septum. The kidneys were much congested. 

 On cutting into the pelvis of each kidney, the mucous lining was found densely studded 



