204 FISHES. 



Small fresh water fishes (1 to 6 inches long) ; elongated 

 or fusiform, often brightly colored; the fins espe 

 cially the pectorals well developed ; anal spines one or 

 two ; air bladder rudimentary. ETHEOSTOMID^E, 89. 



2. Pectoral fins very long, reaching at least to anal, with 3 



detached appendages or else several connected, forming 

 an additional fin cheeks mailed ; head bony. 



TriglidcB, the Gurnards. 



3. With 7 or 8 filiform appendages on each side below the 



pectorals ; cheeks not mailed. 



PolynemidcB, the Thread-Fishes. 



4. Throat with two long barbels. Ufullidce, the Surmullets. 



5. Dorsal spines only two ; scales minute, imbedded in the 



skin. . . . Rhypticidm, the Soap Fishes. 



6. Ventrals abdominal ; body elongated ; scales cycloid ; 



teeth stout. . . SphyranidcB^ the Barracudas. 



7. With none of the above combinations ; ventrals mostly 



thoracic. 



a. Some or all of opercular bones, more or less serrated 

 or spinous. 



b. With teeth on the vomer. 



c. First dorsal low and weak of 8 spines ; scales small ; 



one or more minute spines in front of anal; 



teeth strong. . Pomatomidw, the Blue Fishes. 



cc. Dorsal spines stout ; scales ctenoid ; no free anal 



spines. 



d. Ventrals 1-5 ; branchiostegals usually 7. 

 e. Cleft of mouth horizontal or oblique ; scales 

 firm. 



Anal spines 2, sometimes obscure. 



PERCID,E, 90. 



Anal spines 3, distinct. . LABRACID^E, 91. 

 ee. Cleft of mouth nearly vertical ; scales large, 



deciduous. Chilodipteridw, the Apogons. 



dd. Ventrals 1-7 ; branchiostegals 8 ; anal spines 4. 



Berycidce, the Berycoids, 



