286 FISHES. 



chiefly on the upper surface of head; body much com 

 pressed; back elevated; head deep, rather obtuse; depth 

 3| in length; D. I, 9^ A. I, 10; lat. 1. 44; L. 3. West 

 ern streams, generally abundant; an exceedingly bril 

 liant fish in the breeding season; known at all times by 

 the dorsal spot and compressed body, with large fins and 

 long caudal peduncle. (Rutilus ruber, Raf.) (Not Leu- 

 ciscus diplemius, Kirt.) 



2. L ardens, (Cope) Jordan. SOUTHERN RED-FIN. 

 Colors similar, but red on sides more conspicuous; head 

 rather pointed, with the mouth still more oblique; depth 

 5 in length; D. I, 9; A. I, 11; lat. 1. 50. Cumberland 

 and Roanoke Rivers and S. 



17. LUXILUS, Rafinesque. SHINERS. 

 Hypsilepis, Baird. 



* Fins and lower parts with rose-red pigment in spring and sum 

 mer ; no distinct black dorsal spot ; eye large ; mouth large, 

 oblique, the lower jaw about as long as upper in closed 

 mouth; species of large size; &quot;Red Fins.&quot; 



1. L. cornutus, (Mitch.) Jordan. COMMON SHINER. 

 RED - FINNED SHINER. ROUGH - HEAD. RED - FIN. 

 Adult deep steel blue or olivaceous above, with golden 

 vertebral and lateral bands, very conspicuous in life ; 

 sides silvery, rosy in*males in spring; fins plain oliva 

 ceous or somewhat dusky, becoming crimson in spring; 

 young olivaceous and silvery, not closely resembling the 

 adult; depth 3 to 5 in length, greater than length of 

 head in adults; head large; mouth moderately oblique, 

 the lower jaw not projecting; lateral line much decurved; 

 D. I, 8; A. 1,9; lat. 1. 40 to 45; L. 6. U. S. from Maine 

 to the Rocky Mountains, everv where abundant, and 

 extremely variable. The adults may be known at once 

 by the high and narrow exposed surfaces of the scales; 



