122 Kenneth S. Latourette, 



Board and W. H. Cummings left America in i842 72 ; in 1843 

 Daniel J. Macgowan of the American Board came out ; and in 

 T ft/) /[ there were nine recruits, 73 more than had come to China 

 from all the Protestant world before 1824. * Boone spent part 

 of 1843 an d 1844 in the United States rousing interest in the 

 Episcopal churches, and in 1845 returned to China as missionary 

 bishop, with three ordained men and three unmarried women. 75 



The benevolent societies formed in Canton changed much with 

 the altered conditions. Soon after the treaty of Nanking the 

 Morrison Education Society moved its school to Hongkong. It 

 prospered for a time, but in 1849 came to an end. 76 The Medical 

 Missionary Society in China had a more successful history. 

 Immediately on the close of the war it opened a hospital in 

 Chusan, reopened those in Macao and Canton, and assisted work 

 in Shanghai and Amoy. It won the hearty favor of the Chinese, 

 especially of the officials, and one branch of it still exists. 77 



The treaty between China and the United States had but little 

 effect on the missionary enterprise. Toleration, although not 

 included in the text, had been practically assured by the treaty 

 of Nanking. The American and the French treaties each secured 

 a few more rights, but the British document is the real dividing 

 point between the old and the new eras, between an entirely closed 

 empire and a partially open one, between hostility and partial 

 toleration. 



During the occurrence of these events in China, the American 

 people were developing a new interest in the Middle Kingdom. 

 Their knowledge of it had been gradually increasing for the 



&quot; Memoirs of the Rev. Walter M. Lowrie, Missionary to China, edited 

 by his Father. New York, 1850. Cummings went out under no society, 

 although he bore a letter of warm recommendation from the American 

 Board to its missionaries. Corres. of A. B. C. F. M., Foreign, Vol. 4, 

 p. 244. Anderson to China Mission, Dec. 22, 1841. 



73 Ch. Rep., 16: 12, 13. 



74 Ibid. 



75 Spirit of Missions, 9:334, 502; 10:28. See too, Ibid., 8: 114, 142. 



70 Annual report of Morrison Educ. Soc. for year ending Oct. I, 1843. 

 Ch. Rep., 12:617-630. Williams, Mid. King., 2:341-345. 



&quot;Reports of Med. Missny. Soc. in China for 1840-1, Ch. Rep.,**io : 448- 

 453, and for 1841-2. Ch. Rep., 12:191. Ch. Rep., 13:369-37?. McLavol- 



