258 BENZENE. 



phenol with phosphorus pentachloride. Prisms, fus 

 ing point, 48-49. 



Trinitrochlorbenzene, C 6 H 2 (NO 2 ) 3 C1, from trinitro- 

 phenol with phosphorus pentachloride. Needles, fus 

 ing point, 83. 



Anilin (Amidobenzene), C 6 IF.E1I 2 , is obtained by 

 treating nitrobenzene with reducing substances (by 

 heating with tin and hydrochloric acid ; by conducting 

 sulphuretted hydrogen in its solution containing ammo 

 nia ; by heating with arsenious acid and caustic soda ; 

 by treating with grape-sugar and caustic soda ; by 

 heating gently with zinc-dust); and prepared on the 

 large scale by heating a mixture of 1 part of nitro 

 benzene, 1 part of concentrated acetic acid, and 1.2 

 parts of iron-filings. It is produced further by the 

 distillation of indigo and several of its derivatives, 

 either alone or with caustic potassa ; and in small quan 

 tity by heating phenol with ammonia to 200. From 

 dead oil (p. 253) it can be extracted with dilute acids, 

 but in this way it can only with difficulty be prepared 

 in a pure condition and free from other bases con 

 tained in the oil. Colorless, clear liquid: specific 

 gravity, 1.036. Boils at 184.5, is difficultly (in 31 

 parts at 12) soluble in water, in all proportions in 

 alcohol and ether. Congeals at 8. In contact with 

 the air it turns brown, and becomes resinous. Its 

 aqueous solution turns purple on the addition of a 

 solution of chloride of lime. When to its solution in 

 concentrated sulphuric acid, a few drops of a solution 

 of potassium bichromate are added, it becomes at first 

 red, and then deep blue. -Strong base ; yields well-cha 

 racterized salts with acids ; and combines with alde 

 hydes like ammonia. Combines also with metallic 

 salts like ammonia. 



Anilin hydrochlorate, C G IPKHC1. Colorless 

 needles, very easily soluble in water and alcohol, sub 

 limes without undergoing decomposition. Combines 

 with a number of metallic chlorides. Platinum chlo- 



