14 ANIMAL KINGDOM. 



The VERTEBRATES, (from the Latin vertebra, a joint, which 

 comes from vertere, to turn,) have a jointed backbone, or inter 

 nal bony skeleton. They are divided into WARM and COLD 

 BLOODED; the former, including Mammals, (Mammalia.) and 

 Birds, (Aves ;) the latter, Reptiles, (Reptilia,) and Fishes, Pisces.) 

 The Whale tribe. (Cetacea,) inhabiting the sea, form one order of 

 the Mammalia. 



ARTICULATES, (from the Latin articulus, a ring or joint,) are 

 animals in which the body and legs are jointed, and the hardest 

 parts are outside. These are arranged into three classes, viz. : 

 Insects, Crustaceans, and Worms. 



MOLLUSKS, (from the Latin mollis, soft.) are shell-fish whose 

 nervous system is composed of several scattered masses, or gan 

 glions, united by means of nervous threads, and whose soft bod 

 ies are generally protected by a shell. 



RADIATES, (from the Latin radius, a ray,) are animals whose 

 parts are disposed in the form of rays, tending to a common cen 

 ter, where the mouth is placed, as in the Star-fish. 



QUESTIONS ON SECTION 2. 



Who is placed at the head of the Animal Kingdom? With what is he 

 endowed ? For what is he fitted ? What does his compound being consti 

 tute him? How is he allied to animals ? How to spiritual beings? What 

 guides the lower animals instead of reason ? Does the bird or bee con 

 struct its last nest or comb with more skill than the first ? Is there any 

 need of mistake in referring to Mineralogy or Botany, what properly belongs 

 to the Animal Kingdom ? How is it with the Oyster ? What are the four 

 elements both in vegetables and animals? What name is given to these 

 elements? What shows the opposite natures of plants and animals? 

 When animals breathe, what is combined with the blood? What gas is 

 thus formed? How is this thrown off in some animals? How in others? 

 What is oxygen called? On what do plants live ? What do they give off? 

 What do they furnish to animals? What do animals furnish plants? 

 What is obtained from animal excretions? What do vegetables derive 

 from it ? Whence does an animal derive the constituents of its body, and 

 whence the plant its elementary ingredients ? What is a further source of 

 contrast between plants and animals ? -What additional ground of distinc 

 tion is there between the animal and vegetable kingdoms? In some cases, 

 how is it determined to which of the two a particular being belongs? 

 What further distinction between plants and animals is referred to? How 

 do vegetables take in their nourishment? How animals? What is said 

 about the food of animals ? What are animals said to do ? What has the 

 earth been called ? What is said of the habits and instincts of animals as 

 relates to the differences between them and plants ? What benefits flow 

 from tracing the analogies between animals and plants ? Is this a wide field 

 and what does it teach ? 



What does the Chart present ? From what is the term ZOOLOGY derived ? 

 Of which of the three kingdoms of nature is this Chart a general view ? 



