EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. 



CTENOIDS, (Toothed scales.) 



Fig. 1. Perch; a, anal fin; b, ventral fin; c, caudal fin; d, dorsal fin; d2, 



second dorsal fin ; e, pectoral fin. 

 Fig. 2. Three-spined Stickleback. 

 Fig. 3. Flying-fish ; a, long wing-like pectoral fins. 

 Fig. 4. Archer-fish, with a mouth fitted for shooting insects. 



CYCLOIDS, (Kound scales.) 



Fig. 5. Plaice, showing the eyes both placed on one side, as is usual in the 



Flat-fishes. 



Fig. 6. Short Head-fish. 

 Fig. 7. Porcupine or Balloon-fish. 

 Fig. 8. Bull-pout, or Cat-fish ; a, barbels or cirri. 



GANOIDS, (Enameled scales.) 



Fig. 9. Buffalo Bony Pike, or Gar fish ; a, long narrow jaws, covered on the 

 inside with rasp-like teeth ; a row borders the edge, of bony pointed 

 ones. 



PLACOIDS, (Flat-scales.) 



Fig. 10. Spiny Dog-fish ; a, branchial openings on each side, in the place 

 of gills for breathing ; b, the heterocercal tail, as in all Sharks and 

 Sturgeons ; the back bone runs to a point above the tail, which is 

 placed below like a triangular rudder. 



Fig. 11. Ray ; body flattened out like a dish ; Ml long and slender, with the 

 dorsal fins upon it ; pectoral fins large, uniting with the snout in front. 



Fig. 12. Amphioxus, or Lancelot, the lowest form of Vertebrates. 



Fig. 13. Torpedo, or Numb-fish. 



