632 AFTER A. 



Against these insects, wormwood is a remedy. For this order 

 Latreille proposed the name SIPHONOSTOMA, (Gr. siphon, or 

 sucker-mouth.) 



TWELFTH ORDER. APTERA, (Gr. ^nisQog, apteros, wingless.) 



These wingless insects Latreille arranges into two orders, 

 (1) THYSANAURA, (Gr. thusanoi, hairs; oura, tail,) which in- 

 eludes the SUGAR-LICE, &c., Lepismida, (from Lepisma, a scale,) 

 so named from their minute silver colored scales. They have a 

 row of movable appendages, resembling false legs, on each side 

 of the abdomen, which is terminated by long jointed hairs or 

 bristles ; and also the SPRING-TAILS, Podurida, (from Podura, 

 Gr. pous, a foot; oura, a tail,) that have the abdomen lengthened 

 into a forked tail, by which they are enabled to make surprising 

 leaps. Some species are found on trees or among moss ; others 

 beneath stones, or, at the time of a thaw, they are sometimes 

 seen hopping about on the snow. 



(2) PARASITA, which includes the different kinds of lice, Pedicu- 

 lidce, (from Lat. Pediculus, a louse,) almost entirely destitute 

 of eyes, most prolific and most disgusting ; their very name 

 presents a warning against a want of cleanliness; also Bird-lice, 

 Nirmida, which infest birds, not feeding upon blood, but ob 

 taining their food from the feathers, in which they are found. 



Which is the SECOND SUB-KINGDOM ? Why are they so named ? How 

 do they differ from the Vertebrates and Mollusks ? What is said of their 

 skin, limbs and body? In which division is the articulated character of 

 these animals most conspicuous ? Plow is it in the Crustaceans, Spiders, 

 &c. ? What is remarked of their muscles? Of what material is the skele 

 ton of most of them formed? What is said of their muscular power? In 

 what respects do these animals most resemble each other? Describe it. 

 What is said of their senses? Of their digestive apparatus, &c. ? Into how 

 many classes may they be arranged? 



What is the FIFTH PART OF ZOOLOGY ? What is the FIRST CLASS OF AR 

 TICULATES? To what does the name INSECTS refer ? Of how many sections 

 is the body usually composed ? What is said of the antennae? How many 

 legs and wings have true insects ? What contains the digestive organs ? 

 How is the breathing accomplished ? Describe the circulation and nervous 

 system. What is said of the mouth ? What forms the most striking pecu 

 liarity? What is said of the eggs? When does the larva state commence? 

 What is said of it as related to different insects ? What is the third state? 

 Name its modifications. Describe it as presented in the different orders. 

 What is the insect in its last or perfect state called? How does it differ 

 from the insects as existing in the other states? Can insects long abstain 

 from food ? What facts illustrate their prolific nature ? Where do they 

 deposit their eggs? In what respects are they beneficial, and in what inju- 



