THE SECOND BOOK. 



form of forms; so these be truly said to be the art of 

 arts. Neither do they only direct, but likewise confirm and 

 strengthen; even as the habit of shooting doth not only enable 

 to shoot a nearer shoot, but also to draw a stronger bow 



m The arts intellectual are four in number, divided ac 

 cording to the ends whereunto they are referred-for man s 

 labour is to invent that which is sought or propounded or tc 

 judge that which is invented; or to retain that which is 

 judged ; or to deliver over that which is retained. So as the 

 arts must be four-art of inquiry or invention ; art of examina 

 tion or judgment; art of custody or memory; and art of 

 elocution or tradition. 



XIII. (1) Invention is of two kinds much differing the one 

 of arts and sciences, and the other of speech and arguments 

 The former of these I do report deficient; which seemeth to 

 me to be such a dencience as if, in the making of an inventory 

 touching the state of a defunct, it should be set down that 

 there is no ready money. For as money will fetch all other 

 commodities, so this knowledge is that which should purchase 

 all the rest And like as the West Indies had never been 

 discovered if the use of the mariner s needle had not been first 

 discovered, though the one be vast regions, and the other a 

 small motion; so it cannot be found strange if sciences be no 

 further discovered, if the art itself of invention and discovery 

 hath been passed over. y 



(2) That this part of knowledge is wanting, to my judgment 

 standeth plainly confessed ; for first, logic doth not pretend to 

 invent sciences, or the axioms of sciences, but passeth it over 

 with a cuique in sua arte credcndum. And Celsus acknow 

 ledged it gravely, speaking of the empirical and dogmatical 

 sects of physicians, That medicines and cures were first found 

 out and then after the reasons and causes were discoursed 

 and not the causes first found out, and by light from them the 

 medicines and cures discovered.&quot; And Plato in his &quot;These 

 tetus&quot; noteth well, &quot;That particulars are infinite, and the 

 higher generalities give no sufficient direction ; and that the 

 pith of all sciences, which maketh the artsman differ from the 

 inexpert, is in the middle propositions, which in every par 

 ticular knowledge are taken from tradition and experience &quot; 

 And therefore we see, that they which discourse of the inven 

 tions and originals of things refer them rather to chance than 

 ^art, and rather to beasts, birds, fishes, serpents, than to 



&quot; Dictamnum genetrix Cretsea carpit ab Ida 

 Puberibus caulem foliis et flore comantem 



