XXII. 6.] THE SECOND BOOK. 209 



how affections are kindled and incited ; and how pacified 

 and refrained ; and how again contained from act and 

 further degree; how they disclose themselves; how they 

 work ; how they vary ; how they gather and fortify ; how 

 they are enwrapped one within another; and how they 

 do fight and encounter one with another ; and other the 

 like particularities. Amongst the which this last is of 

 special use in moral and civil matters; how, I say, to set 

 affection against affection, and to master one by another ; 

 even as we use to hunt beast with beast, and fly bird 

 with bird, which otherwise percase we could not so easily 

 recover : upon which foundation is erected that excellent 

 use of prcBmium and pcena, whereby civil states consist : 

 employing the predominant affections of fear and hope, 

 for the suppressing and bridling the rest. For as in the 

 government of states it is sometimes necessary to bridle 

 one faction with another, so it is in the government 

 within. 



7. Now come we to those points which are within our 

 own command, and have force and operation upon the 

 mind, to affect the will and appetite, and to alter man 

 ners: wherein they ought to have handled custom, 

 exercise, habit, education, example, imitation, emulation, 

 company, friends, praise, reproof, exhortation, fame, laws, 

 books, studies : these as they have determinate use in 

 moralities, from these the mind suffereth; and of these 

 are such receipts and regiments compounded and de 

 scribed, as may serve to recover or preserve the health 

 and good estate of the mind, as far as pertaineth to 

 human medicine : of which number we will insist upon 

 some one or two, as an example of the rest, because it 

 were too long to prosecute all; and therefore we do 

 resume custom and habit to speak of. 



p 



