448 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [742] 



more or less irregular, slender, blunt papillre, each of which bears a tuft 

 of numerous slender, acute, more or less bent spicules, arising from its 

 lateral and terminal surfaces. At the tips of the branches the papillae 

 are more slender and divergent, arid the texture is more open and loose. 

 During life these papilhe are connected together by a thin dermal mem 

 brane, through which the spicules project but little. The oscules are 

 small and scattered over the surface. Color, when living, dark red to 

 orange-red; when dried, generally dark grayish brown or umber-colored, 

 fading to dull yellowish brown and gray. Diameter of branches mostly 



9inm -J-Q PJium 



South Carolina to Cape Cod. Very abundant in Long Island Sound 

 and Vineyard Sound, low-water to 10 fathoms, on oysters and other 

 shells, stones, etc. ; Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey ; Fort Macou, North 

 Carolina (coll. Dr. Yarrow). 



ISODICTYA, species undetermined. 



Watch Hill, Rhode Island ; Vineyard Sound and Nantucket, washed 

 ashore after storms in winter; Casco Bay ; Bay of Fuudy. 



The specimens from Watch Hill have few broad, thick, palmate 

 branches, with large oscules and an open texture, with multispiculose 

 fibers. They resemble Isodictya palmata Bowerbank. 



CHALINA OOULATA Bowerbank. (p. 497.) 



British Spongiadui, vol. i, p. 208, Plate 13, fig. 262 ; vol. ii, p. 361. Spongia ocnlata 

 Linne, Syst. Nat., ed. x, sp. 2; ed. xii, p. 1299; Pallas, Elench. Zooph., p. 390, 

 1766. Halicliondria ooulata Jobustoii, op. cit., p. 94, Plate 3. 



Rhode Island to Labrador ; northern coast of Europe to Great Brit 

 ain. Off Watch Hill, Rhode Island, 4 to 5 fathoms ; off Gay Head, 4 to 

 15 fathoms; very common in Massachusetts Bay, Casco Bay, and Bay 

 of Fundy ; low- water to SO fathoms. 



CHALINA ABBUSCULA Verrill, sp. nov. (p. 409.) 



Sponge profusely branched, from close to the thick base ; branches 

 repeatedly diehotomous, slender, round or somewhat compressed, seldom 

 broad or palmate. Oscules small, round, irregularly scattered. Texture 

 of the surface finely reticulated when dry, with very delicate fibers, 

 which usually have but a single row of very slender fusiform spicules, 

 covered by a thin layer of horny matter ; the reticulations do not usu 

 ally exceed the length of a single spicule. Primary longitudinal fibers 

 of the larger branches strong, horny, with several lines of spicules; 

 secondary fibers at right angles to the primary ones, much smaller, 

 with fewer spicules. The spicules are slender, fusiform (&quot; acerate 1 ), 

 much smaller and more slender than in the preceding species. Color, 

 when living, dull gray ; when dried, brownish, yellowish, or white. The 

 largest specimens are about one foot high ; more commonly 6 to 8 inches 

 (Ij0 nim to 200 umi ) ; breadth often nearly as much ; diameter of branches, 



