SMITHSONIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 



10 



66, dark hornstone, New York) ; in others it extends through their whole 

 length (Fig. 67, Pennsylvania). There are implements which, though exhib 

 iting no concavity, somewhat partake of the character of gouges. They can 

 be likened to celts in which the edged portion is plano-convex, so as to pro 

 duce a hollow cut. They may, in part, have served as adze-heads. Certain 



CHISELS, GOUGES AND ADZES (). 



gouge-like tools (with or without concavities at the cutting edge), which 

 arc provided on the convex side with grooves, ridges, or conical eleva 

 tions, likewise may have formed the heads of adzes, the contrivances just 

 mentioned facilitating their attachment to handles (Fig. 68, greenstone, Mass 

 achusetts) . 



4, Adzes. There are in the Smithsonian collection some unmistakable 

 adzes perhaps not very old derived from the Northwest Coast. One of 

 them (Fig. 69) consists of a dark kind of silicious stone (hornstone), and was 

 obtained in British Columbia. The method of bailing these implements is 

 exemplified by a handled adze (Fig. 70) used by the natives of Oregon. The 

 head, consisting of greenstone, is ten inches long, and connected with the 

 wooden handle by means of split twigs of some flexible kind of wood. There 

 are in the collection other adzes from the Northwest Coast, haf ted in a differ 

 ent manner (Fig. 71). In these specimens the small adze-heads of green 

 serpentine are celt-shaped, and rest against a shoulder of the crooked handle, 

 where they are secured by strips of raw-hide, or by cord. 



5^ Grooved Axes, Owing to their frequency, these implements may be 

 counted among the best-known relics of the aborigines; and especially in the 

 rural districts of the older States &quot;Indian stone tomahawks&quot; are familiar 

 objects. In general they can be defined as wedges encircled by a groove, 



