SMITHSONIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLECTION. 45 



A very remarkable tube of striped slate, thirteen inches long, and termina 

 ting at one end in a broad mouth-piece, was obtained by Messrs. Squier and 

 Davis in a mound near Chillicothe, during their survey of the aboriginal 

 earthworks in the State of Ohio. This specimen, represented by a cast in 

 the collection (No. 7243), is figured and described on page 224 of the &quot;An 

 cient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley&quot; by Squier and Davis, forming the 

 first volume of Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 



18. Pipes. No class of aboriginal productions of art exhibits a greater 

 diversity of form than the pipes carved from stone or moulded in clay. In 

 deed, a volume would be required for figuring and describing the various 

 shapes of these utensils, the manufacture of which offered to the aboriginal 

 artist an unlimited scope for displaying his individual skill and ingenuity. 

 Some of the more marked types only can be noticed in this account. Stone 

 was the material chiefly used in the manufacture .of these smoking utensils, 

 though pipes of clay are by no means uncommon. 29 In the following enumer 

 ation of typical pipes of earlier date those of clay have been included some 

 what in violation of the plan of arrangement in order to avoid the necessity 

 of treating them separately in the section relating to the ceramic manufact 

 ures of the aborigines. 



Numerous stone pipes of a peculiar type were obtained, many years ago, by 

 Messrs. Squier and Davis during their survey of the ancient earthworks in 

 the State of Ohio. They have been minutely described and figured by them 

 in the first volume of Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. The origi 

 nals of these remarkable smoking utensils (presently to be described) are now 

 in the Blackmore Museum at Salisbury, England; but the National Museum 

 possesses casts of them, which enable visitors to become acquainted with their 

 character. These pipes were formerly thought to be chiefly made of a kind 

 of porphyry, a substance, which, by its hardness, would have rendered their 

 production extremely difficult. That view, however, was erroneous; for since 

 their transfer to the Blackmore Museum they have been carefully examined 

 and partly analyzed by Professor A. II. Church, who found them to consist of 

 softer materials, such as compact slate, argillaceous ironstone, ferruginous 

 chlorite, and calcareous minerals. 30 Nevertheless, they constitute the most 

 remarkable class of aboriginal products of art thus far discovered; for some 

 of them are so skillfully executed that a modern artist, notwithstanding his 

 far superior metallic tools, would find no little difficulty in reproducing them. 



&quot;The navigators who first visited the Atlantic Coast of North America noticed copper pipes nmong the 

 natives, as, for instance, Robert Juet, who served under Hudson as mate in the Half-Moon. Such pipes 

 must he very rare. There arc none in the Smithsonian collection. 



&quot;The subject is fully treated in -Flint Chips,&quot; by K. T. Stevens, London, 1870. From this valuable 

 work the drawings of sonic of the pipes recovered by Messrs. Squier and Davis arc here copied, the original 

 woodcuts used in illustrating the &quot;Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley&quot; having been destroyed bv 

 the fire which visited the Smithsonian building in 18G5. Figs. 117 to 184 are reproductions of illustrations 

 contained in Mr. Stevens work. 



