94 APPENDIX. 



Fig. 32G. A weapon of similar character. In this instance, however, the handle is much 

 shorter, and the round stone head is not firmly attached to its end, but is merely 

 connected with it by flexible thongs. The raw-hide covering of the weapon (includ 

 ing head and handle) consists of one piece taken from the caudal portion of an ox, 

 a part of whose tail forms an ornamental appendage to the handle (Apaches). The 

 analogy of such weapons to the mediaeval &quot;morning-stars&quot; has been pointed out on 

 page 32. 



Fig. 327. A war-club with a well-wrought and polished egg-shaped head of yellowish limestone, 

 grooved around the middle for receiving the handle. One end of the latter is bent 

 like a hoop to fit into the cavity of the stone, and strengthened by a casing of raw 

 hide, which extends about six inches below the head. The part of the ashen handle 

 that encircles the stone is ornamented with large-headed brass nails. The extremity 

 of the handle, again, is enveloped by a tightly fitting covering of raw-hide, taken 

 from the caudal part of a buffalo. A tuft of the animal s tail has been retained 

 for the sake of decoration, and a feather of the wild turkey is attached to the hair 

 by means of a narrow strip of dressed skin (Blackfeet). 



Fig. 328. A weapon of the same description. The polished head, which consists of greenstone, 

 is smaller and more elongated than in the original of Fig. 327. The handle shows 

 the usual casing of raw-hide, and is pierced at the lower extremity for facilitating 

 the attachment of a wrist-strap (Missouri River Valley). 



Fig. 329. Dagger-knife, chiefly used as a hunting weapon. It consists of a ground lance-head- 

 shaped blade of dark slate, inserted and riveted by means of a wooden peg into a 

 barbed ivory socket, which is attached to a short cylindrical handle of pine-wood 

 (Natives of Nunivak Island, Alaska). 



Fig. 330. Scabbard of the dagger-knife just described. Formed by two hollowed pieces of pine, 

 which are held together by a binding of split spruce-roots. 



. 331. Grooved hammer of greenstone, the flattened lower side of which rests against a 

 corresponding flat part of the curved handle. The head is connected with the 

 handle by ligatures of raw-hide (Fort Simpson, British Columbia). There are 

 similar hammers from the Northwest Coast in the collection, in which the narrower 

 part of the stone is formed in imitation of an animal s head. Other hammers or 

 mauls cased in raw-hide, one of which has been previously figured and described, 

 are still in use among various tribes (See Fig. 79 on page 20). 



Fig. 332. Large adze-shaped pick of whalebone, attached by raw-hide thongs to a flattish 

 massive pine handle, which is perforated at the broader part for receiving the 

 ligatures. The latter are confined by notches in the sides of the head (Mackenzie s 

 River District). 



