28 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pnoc. 4TH SER. 



over with earth, were left to let the cooking process proceed 

 for 12 to 24 hours. Then the earth was removed from 

 the top of the mound and the prepared food taken out. A 

 mound with a pit in the top would mark the site of this 

 bake. The winds would soon fill this pit and a round 

 mound would be the result. 



In cooking for a single family, of course, a smaller mound 

 would be used. For big feasts a whole wagon-load of kam- 

 mas, or clams, would be baked at a time. The cooking of 

 the kammas and clams by this process accounts for the 

 inland mounds. No doubt, the Indians who occupied the 

 region in the long ago prepared food in the same manner 

 as does the present aborigine. 



ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL IN ADJACENT BRITISH 

 TERRITORY. 



The section here under consideration extends from the 

 International Boundary Line and the shores of Georgian Bay 

 northward to the Fraser region. The archaeological remains 

 of this district are middens, burial mounds and oven mounds. 



The oven mounds are numerous and are very similar to 

 those described in the Lummi-Nooksack region. 



Burial mounds are abundant in the Fraser delta, along 

 the shores of Georgian Bay and in the southern half of 

 Vancouver Island. In the groups on the Fraser they are 

 composed of clay, sand and boulders. They, however, are 

 often very dissimilar. Some are simple mounds of clay, 

 which had been heaped over the corpse. The mounds of 

 this type are often from two to three feet in height and 

 range in diameter from three to 30 feet. Undoubtedly they 

 were the graves of children. The chalky remains were all 

 that I could find in any of these mounds. Another class 

 of mounds of the region is also composed of clay, but dif 

 fering from the latter in having a pile of boulders heaped 

 up over the clay cone. In some cases these boulders were 

 covered with neighboring soil, some of these grave tumuli 

 now being 10 feet high. An examination showed that at 

 times the corpse was laid on undisturbed earth, at others a 

 hole was first excavated in the soil and the body placed in 



