336 INDUCTION. 



There is, however, between Colligation and Induction, a 

 real correlation, which it is important to conceive correctly. 

 Colligation is not always induction ; but induction is always 

 colligation. The assertion that the planets move in ellipses, 

 was but a mode of representing observed facts ; it was but a 

 colligation ; while the assertion that they are drawn, or tend, 

 towards the sun, was the statement of a new fact, inferred 

 by induction. But the induction, once made, accomplishes 

 the purposes of colligation likewise. It brings the same 

 facts, which Kepler had connected by his conception of an 

 ellipse, under the additional conception of bodies acted upon 

 by a central force, and serves therefore as a new bond of 

 connexion for those facts ; a new principle for their classifi 

 cation. 



Further, the descriptions which are improperly confounded 

 with induction, are nevertheless a necessary preparation for 

 induction ; no less necessary than correct observation of the 

 facts themselves. Without the previous colligation of detached 

 observations by means of one general conception, we could 

 never have obtained any basis for an induction, except in the 

 case of phenomena of very limited compass. We should not 

 be able to affirm any predicates at all, of a subject incapable 

 of being observed otherwise than piecemeal : much less could 

 we extend those predicates by induction to other similar sub 

 jects. Induction, therefore, always presupposes, not only that 

 the necessary observations are made with the necessary accu 

 racy, but also that the results of these observations are, so far 

 as practicable, connected together by general descriptions, 

 enabling the mind to represent to itself as wholes whatever 

 phenomena are capable of being so represented. 



5. Dr. Whewell has replied at some length to the pre 

 ceding observations, re-stating his opinions, but without (as 

 far as I can perceive) adding anything material to his former 

 arguments. Since, however, mine have not had the good 

 fortune to make any impression upon him, I will subjoin a 

 few remarks, tending to show more clearly in what our diffe- 



