CASE OF THJi POST-NAT1 OF SCOTLAND. 137 



England. And hereof many ancient precedents and 

 records may be shewed, that the reason why Ireland 

 is subject to the laws of England is not &quot; ipso jure&quot; 

 upon conquest, but grew by a charter of king John ; 

 arid that extended but to so much as was then in 

 the king s possession ; for there are records in the 

 time of king E. I. and II. of divers particular 

 grants to sundry subjects of Ireland and their heirs, 

 that they might use and observe the laws of 

 England. 



The third reason is, that there is a politic neces 

 sity of intermixture of people in case of subjection by 

 conquest, to remove alienations of mind, and to 

 secure the state ; which holdeth not in case of 

 descent. Here I perceive Mr. Walter hath read 

 somewhat in matter of state ; and so have I likewise ; 

 though we may both quickly lose ourselves in causes 

 of this nature. I find by the best opinions, that 

 there be two means to assure and retain in obedience 

 countries conquered, both very differing, almost in 

 extremes, the one towards the other. 



The one is by colonies, and intermixture of peo 

 ple, and transplantation of families, which Mr. 

 Walter spoke of; and it was indeed the Roman 

 manner : but this is like an old relic, much re 

 verenced and almost never used. But the other, 

 which is the modern manner, and almost wholly in 

 practice and use, is by garrisons and citadels, and 

 lists or companies of men of war, and other like mat 

 ters of terror and bridle. 



To the first of these, which is little used, it is true 



