CASE OF THE POST-NAT I OF SCOTLAND. 153 



philosophers speak, such as the laws, the officers, 

 the parliament, are not yet commixed ; yet never 

 theless there is but one and the self-same fountain of 

 sovereign power depending upon the ancient submis 

 sion, whereof I spake in the beginning ; and in that 

 sense the crowns and the kingdoms are truly said to 

 be united. 



And the force of this truth is such, that a grave 

 and learned gentleman, that defended the contrary 

 opinion, did confess thus far : That in ancient times, 

 when monarchies, as he said, were but heaps of peo 

 ple without any exact form of policy ; that then na 

 turalization and communication of privileges did fol 

 low the person of the monarch ; but otherwise since 

 states were reduced to a more exact form : so as 

 thus far we did consent ; but still I differ from him 

 in this, that these more exact forms, wrought by time, 

 and custom, and laws, are nevertheless still upon the 

 first foundation, and do serve only to perfect and 

 corroborate the force and bond of the first submis 

 sion, and in no sort to disannul or destroy it. 



And therefore with these two acts do I likewise 

 couple the act of 14 Edward III. which hath been 

 alleged of the other side. For by collating of that 

 act with this former two, the truth of that we affirm 

 will the more evidently appear, according unto the 

 rule of reason : &quot; opposita juxta se posita inagis elu- 

 &quot; cesunt.&quot; That act of 14 is an act of separation. 

 These two acts formerly recited are acts tending to 

 union. This act is an act that maketh a new law ; 

 it is by the words of grant and establish. These two 



