VI 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XXI. FUNCTIONS OF THE LEAF. 



Most obvious use Absorption Digestion Exhalation Respiration. DURA- 

 TION OF LEAVES: Deciduous Fugaceous Persistent Development De- 

 cay and Fall pp. 54 58 



CHAPTER XXII. FOOD OF PLANTS. 



Elementary Constituents Common Sources of Food Particular Sources of 

 Food Liebig's Classification Organic Elements Inorganic Elements. 



pp. 5S 60 



CHAPTER XXIIL INFLORESCENCE. 



Subject defined Peduncle Rachis Pedicels Scape Solitary Inflorescence- 

 Two principal kinds of Inflorescence. CENTRIPETAL FOEMS : Spike Raceme 

 Corymb Panicle Thyrse Compound Inflorescence Ament Spadix 

 Umbel. CENTRIFUGAL FOEMS: Cyme Fascicle Verticillaster Bracte- 

 oles pp. 6064 



CHAPTER XXIV. ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION. 



Essential Organs Stamens Pistils Complete Flower Variations Trans- 

 formed Organs Metamorphoses Occurrence of the same number Abortion 

 Suppression Coalescence Adnation Chorisis Regular Multiplication 

 Irregularity of Form. Flower: Dimerous Trimcrons Tetramerous Pen- 

 tamerous Symmetrical Flower Regular Flower Complete Flower In- 

 fertile Flower Fertile Flower Flowers Polygamous pp. 6467 



CHAPTER XXV. FLORAL ENTELOPES. 



Prefloration Imbricated Vexillary Convolute Snpervolute Valvular 

 Poppy. CALYX: Elementary Composition Monosepalous Position in re- 

 gard to the Ovary : Inferior Superior Bracteoles Glumes Valve. PAP- 

 PUS: Pilose Plumose Setose Paleaceous Involucre Spathe Involncel. 

 COROLLA : Elementary Composition Monopetalous Polypetalons. Parts 

 of Monapetalous Corolla : Tube Throat Limb. MONAPETALOUS FORMS : 

 Salver-form Rotate Campanulate Funnel-form Tubular. LABIATE 

 FORMS: Personate Ringent Parts of Petal Lamina Claw. POLYPBTA- 

 LOUS FORMS : Caryophyllaceous Rosaceous Papilionaceous Liliaceous 

 Regular Irregular Defective Nectary. FLORETS: Discoid Radiant 

 Radiate Color of Flowers Changes of Color Odor. DURATION OF FLORAL 

 ENVELOPES: Caducous Deciduous Persistent Functions of Floral Enve- 

 lopes pp. 67 75 



CHAPTER XXVI. TIIE STAMENS. 



Essential Organs Parts of Stamen Elementary Composition Stamen a 

 Transformed Leaf Filament ANTHER : Mode of Attachment Innate 

 Adnate Versatile Dehiscence Connectile. POLLEN: Its Coverings Ex- 

 tine Intine Fovilla Andrcecium Number of Stamens Comparative Size 

 Other Peculiarities pp. 7577 



CHAPTER XXVII. THE PISTIL. 



The Subject defined Pistil Ovary Style Stigma Elementary Composition 

 Gynojciuin Functions pp. 7880 



CHAPTER XXVIII. THE OVARY. 



Subject defined Carpels Dissepiments Cells Relations of Number in the 

 Normal Structure Origin of the Carpels. SUTURES : Ventral Dorsal Pla- 

 centa. PLACENTATION : Axillary Parietal Free Central False Dissepi- 

 ments pp. 80, 81 



CHAPTER XXIX THE FRUIT. 



Subject defined Pericarp Epicarp Endocarp Sarcocarp Putamen. DE- 

 IIISCENOE: Septicidal Loculicidal Septifragal Sutural Transverse Other 

 Varieties Fruit Forms Simple Fruits Capsule Silique Silicle Legume 

 Follicle Berry Pepo Pome Drupe Achenium Caryopsis Nut- 

 Samara Pyxis. MULTIPLE FRUITS: Fig Cone Pine-Apple Double 

 Fruits PP- 8185 



CHAPTER XXX. THE SEED. 



Elementary Composition Structure Integuments Episperm Endosperm- 

 Nucleus Mycropyle Foramen Chalaza Funiculus Albumen Embryo 

 Aril Germination Dissemination of Seeds Longevity. pp. 8589 



CHAPTER XXXI. SENSIBILITY OF PLANTS. 



Motions Caused by Light Papilionaceous Flowers Motions Caused by Touch 

 Spontaneous Movements Movements of Spores Effect of Poisons. 



pp. 89, 90 



CHAPTER XXXII. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS. 

 Origin General Laws of Distribution Arctic Flora Region of Linnreus 

 Zone of Evergreen Woods Japanese Region Oriental Tropical Zone Re- 

 gion of Myrtle and Acacia Region of Fig-Marigolds De Lislo's Region 

 Region o Asters and Golden-rods Region of Magnolias Region of Cacti 

 and Peppers Region of Arborescent Composite Antarctic Region Par- 

 tial Distribution pp. 91-94 



CHAPTER XXXIII. ECONOMICAL USES OF PLANTS. 

 USES OF THE ROOT: Nutritive Properties Substitutes for Bread Potato- 

 Sweet Potato Yam Manioc Taro Tapioca Arrow-root Esculent Roots 

 Aromatic Roots Cordage from Roots Madder Alkanet Turmeric. 

 USES OF THE STEM: Ornamental Woods Bamboo Cedar Charcoal and 

 Potashes Dye Woods Ferula Sola Sago. BARKS: Astringent Cinna- 

 mon Gall-nuts. BASS-FIBRE: Silk-weed Indian Hemp Lace Tree Pa- 

 per Mulberry New Zealand Flax Nettle-worts Manilla. USES OF THE 

 LEAF : Thatching Manufactures Papaw Tea Paraguay Tea Henna 

 Indigo. USES OF THE FLOWER: Safflower Saffron Capers Cloves Per- 

 fumes Essences Conserves. USES OF TOT: FRUIT : Edible Fruits Cofleo 

 Olive Cocoa Sapindus. Fruits used as Bread : Cocoanut Plantain- 

 Banana Bread-fruit Date Fig Tamarind Vajtfjfc USES OF TUB SEED : 

 Leguminous Seeds Oleaginous Seeds Nutmeg^ USES OP TUB WHOLE 

 PLANT: Grasses Iceland Moss Carragheen Moss Archil Cudbear. SE- 

 CRETIONS OF PLANTS AND THEIR USES: Gums Resins Balsams India- 

 rubber Gutta-percha Dragon's-blood Wax Poisonous Secretions Cow- 

 tree Sugar-cane Sugar Maple Arnotto Varnishes Indigo Dyers' Weed 

 Great and Universal Uses of Plants Concluding Remarks pp. 94100 



PLATES. 



Page 



I. THE CELLS 5 



II. CONTENTS OF THE CELLS EPIDERMIS 12 



III. PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT 15 



IV. GRAND DIVISIONS 19 



V. THE COTYLEDONS GERMINATION 21 



VI. ROOT FORMS 23 



VII. ROOTS AND STEMS 26 



VIII. WOOD 29 



IX. STEM FORMS 82 



X. STEM AND LEAF 85 



XL ARRANGEMENT AND VENATION 88 



XIL LE AF FORMS 41 



XIII. LEAF FORMS 44 



XIV. COMPOUND LEAVES 47 



XV.-LEAF MARGIN .. 60 



XVI.-SUMMIT OF THE LEAF 68 



XVII. THE PETIOLE 66 



XVIII STIPULES 69 



XIX. BRACTS 62 



XX. INFLORESCENCE 64 



XXL INFLORESCENCE 66 



XXII. PREFLORATION THE CALYX 68 



XXIIL THE COROLLA 70 



XXIV. COROLLA. 72 



XXV. STAMENS AND PISTILS 74 



XXVI. PLACENTATION DEHISCENCE 76 



XXVIL FRUIT FORMS 82 



XXVIII. FRUIT AND SEED 8 



XXIX. REMARKABLE PLANTS M 



