118 



OKDER LXIX. EBENACEJE. OEDER LXXVHI. SCROPHULARtACEJS. 



parted, sometimes with distinct petals. Stamens as many as the 

 segments of the corolla, alternate with them, inserted on its 

 base. Anthers opening longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 

 ovule in each cell Stigmas 2 6. Fruit drupaceous, with 2 6 

 stones. 



A small order of trees and shrubs distinguished by the bitter and tonic pro- 

 perties of the bark and foliage. Ilex (Holly), the leaves of one species of which 

 are the famous Mate or Tea of Paraguay, and Prinos the Black Alder, are 

 examples. 



OEDEK LXIX. Ebenacese. 



Trees, or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, often entire, 

 without stipules. Flowers axillary, polygamous. Calyx free 

 from the ovary ; limb 3 6-cleft, with equal, persistent segments. 

 Corolla 3 6-cleft, often pubescent. Stamens 2 or 4 times as 

 many as the lobes of the corolla. Ovary with 3 or more cells. 

 Stigmas as many as the cells. Fruit a fleshy berry, with bony 

 seeds. 



Diospyros, the Persimmon, several exotic species of which furnish the differ- 

 ent kinds of Ebony, is our only representative of this small and chiefly tropical 

 order. 



ORDER LXX. Styracacese. 



Shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, simple, exstipulate. 

 Flowers perfect, bracteate, solitary, axillary, or in axillary ra- 

 cemes. Calyx 5, rarely 4-lobed, adherent either to the base of 

 the ovary, or to the whole of it. Corolla 4 6, usually 6-lobed. 

 Stamens definite, or indefinite, unequal in length, more or less 

 united. Ovary 2 5-celled, the cells opposite the calyx-lobes. 

 Fruit drupaceous, usually with only 1 fertile cell. Seeds 1 5. 



A small order chiefly tropical. Storax and Benzoin, two gnm-resins of some 

 value in medicine, are products of two exotic species of Styrax. Halesia, or 

 the15now-drop tree, native of the South, is quite common in cultivation at the 

 North. 



GROUP IV. 

 ORDER LXXI. Primulaceae. 



Herbs. Leaves opposite, verticillate, or alternate, or all radi- 

 cal Stipules none. Calyx 4 5-cleft, usually persistent, nearly 

 or quite free from the ovary. Corolla regular, 4 5-cleft. Sta- 

 mens as many as the lobes of the corolla, and inserted opposite 

 them. Ovary 1-celled, with a free, central placenta. Style 1. 

 Stigma 1. Capsule many-seeded ; the placenta attached only to 

 the base of the cell, as in the Primrose, fig. 3, Plate XXVL 



An order containing many beautiful plants, but otherwise of little import- 

 ance. The Trientalis and Lysimachia (Loose- strife), are examples. 



ORDER LXXII. Plantaginaceae. 



Herbs usually acaulescent Leaves usually in a radical tuft, 

 often ribbed. Calyx 4-cleft, free from the ovary, persistent. 

 Corolla more or less tubular, 4-cleft, scarious, persistent. Stamens 

 4, alternate with the corolla lobes. Filaments long and weak 

 Anthers versatile. Ovary 2-celled. Style 1. Capsule a mem- 

 branaceous pyxis, as in Anagallis, fig. 9, Plate XXVL, the cells 

 1 or several-seeded. 



A small and unimportant order found in all countries. The Plantain (Plan- 

 tago), is an example. 



ORDER LXXIII. Plumbaginaceas. 



Herbs, or somewhat suffruticose. Leaves simple, alternate, or 

 all radical. Flowers often on simple, or branching scapes. Calyx 

 tubular, 5-toothed, plaited, persistent. Corolla hypocrateriform, 

 with the 5 stamens inserted opposite its lobes, or consisting of 5 

 distinct unguiculate petals, with the stamens attached to their 

 claws. Styles 5, distinct, or united nearly to the top. Ovary 1- 



celled, free from the calyx. Fruit a 1-seeded utricle; or else 

 opening by 5 valves. 



A small order, natives usually of salt marshes. The roots of many of them 

 are exceedingly astringent, as in Btatice Caroliniana (Marsh-Rosemary), our 

 only representative. 



GROUP V. 

 ORDER LXXIV. Lentibulaceae. 



Herbs, growing in the water or mud. Leaves radical ; when 

 floating in the water much dissected, and furnished with air- 

 bladders ; when growing on land, entire and fleshy. Flowers 

 showy, very irregular. Calyx of 2 5 sepals, distinct, or par- 

 tially united. Corolla bilabiate, personate, tube very short, 

 spurred. Stamens 2, inserted on the upper lip. Anthers 1-celled. 

 Ovary free from the calyx, 1-celled. Style 1. Fruit a many- 

 seeded capsule. 



A small and unimportant order of aquatic or mud plants, distinguished by 

 their showy flowers. Utricularia (Bladder-wort), is an example. 



ORDER LXXV. Orobanchacese. 



Herbs, destitute of proper leaves, and parasitic on the roots 

 of other plants. Stem furnished with scales instead of leaves. 

 Calyx persistent, 4 5-parted, or bilabiate free from the ovary. 

 Corolla bilabiate or irregular, 4 5-lobed, withering or persistent. 

 Stamens 4, didynamous. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placen- 

 tae. Style 1. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule inclosed in the persistent 

 corolla, seeds many, minute. 



A small order of parasitic plants, possessing bitter and astringent qualities. 

 Epiphegus (Beech-drops), is an example. 



ORDER LXXVI. Bignoniacese. 



Trees, or shrubby, climbing, or twining plants. Flowers 

 usually large and showy. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, 

 simple, or pinnately parted. Calyx 5-cleft, or 2-cleft, or bilabiate, 

 sometimes spathaceous. Corolla broad at the throat, with a bila- 

 biate or irregularly 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, 1 or 3 sterile, when 

 4, often didynamous. Ovary 2-celled, free from the calyx, sur- 

 rounded by a fleshy disk at base. Style 1. Fruit a woody or 

 coriaceous 2-valved, many-seeded pod. Seeds winged. 



Teooma ( Trumpet-flmcer), and Catalpa, are examples of this ornamental 

 and chiefly tropical order, to which is attached the following 



SUB ORDER. SESAMES. Herbs, with opposite or alternate 

 leaves, and large axillary flowers, differing from the order proper, 

 chiefly in the fruit, which is drupaceous, or capsular, often tipped 

 with 2 or 4 horns, frequently with 4 8 spurious cells, formed by 

 the divergent lobes of the placenta becoming variously attached 

 to the sides of the pericarp. Seeds few, wingless. 

 Martynia ( Unicorn-plant), and Sesamum, are examples. 



ORDER LXXVII. Acanthaceas. 



Herbs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, exstipulate. 

 Flowers with several bracts, often showy. Sepals 5, more or less 

 united, persistent. Corolla bilabiate, or nearly regular, with 5 

 subequal lobes, convolute in prcfloration. Stamens 4, didyna- 

 mous, sometimes only 2 perfect, the other 2 being sterile, or want 

 ing. Ovary 2-celled, free from the calyx. Style 1. Fruit a 2- 

 valved capsule, with 2 or more seeds in a celL Seeds roundish, 

 supported by hooked processes of the placenta. 



A large tropical order, often ornamental, but possessing no very remarkable 

 plants. Dianthera and Dipteracanthus are examples found in the U. 8. 



ORDER LXXVIII. Scrophulariacese. 



Herbs, or sometimes shrubby. Leaves opposite, or alternate, 

 sometimes verticillate or radical Sepals 4 5 persistent, more or 

 less united. Corolla bilabiate, personate, sometimes nearly regu- 

 lar, with 4 5 more or less unequal segments \ the lobes imbri- 



