OEDER XII. CRUCIFER.E TURNIP-FAMILY. 



137 



racemes ; flowers 410 in number, white or cream-color, tipped with yellow 

 at summit, somewhat recurved, nodding, with divergent spurs, which are 

 straight, and rather acute ; rhizoma producing little red bulbs under ground. 

 An elegant plant, with delicate foliage and curious flowers, growing in woods. 

 Most common in Northern and Western New England and New York. April 

 May. 



2. D. Canadensis. 



Squirrel-corn. 



Acaulesecnt; leaves tri-ternately decompound, very finely dissected, dark 

 green above, glaucous beneath ; scape 4' 8' inches high, somewhat stouter 

 than the last, 4 S-ilowered ; flowers pale purple, very obtuse at summit, with 

 short, rounded spurs, oblong, clavate. The creeping rhizoma produces sparing- 

 ly yellow bulblets. A beautiful plant, equally delicate with the last, but dis- 

 tinguished by its darker foliage, purplish flowers, and shorter spurs. Woods, 

 often growing with the last. May June. 



2. ADLtTMIA. 



Sepals 2, minute. Petals 4, united into a spongy, persistent, 

 monopetalous corolla, bi-gibbous at base, 4-toothed at apex. 

 Capsule pod-shaped, linear-oblong, many-seeded. Biennial. 



1. A. cirrhosa. 



Mountain Fringe. 



Stem herbaceous, smooth, climbing by cirrhose petioles; leaves bi-ternately 

 decompound ; leaflets rhomboidal, 2 3-lobed, lobes entire ; flowers numerous, 

 in axillary, nodding, racemose clusters, on slender pedicels, pale purple. A 

 most beautiful and delicate biennial vino, climbing 815 feet over shrubs and 

 other plants. Native of mountainous districts, but common in cultivation. 

 June Aug. 



3. CORYDA.LIS. 



Sepals 2, minute. Petals 4, 1 only spurred at base. Stamens 

 6, in 2 sets. Capsule pod-shaped, 2-valved, many-seeded. 



1. C. glauca. 



Sea-green Corydalis. 



Stem erect, branching, glaucous, dotted with purple and green spots ; leaves 

 bi-pinnately decompound, glaucous ; ultimate segments wedge-shaped, 8-cleft ; 

 flowers in erect racemes, large, rose-color and yellow ; bracts linear, shorter 

 than the pedicels. An elegant plant, with delicately beautiful flowers, alter- 

 nately shaded with rose and yello\v. Rocky hills. May. Biennial. 



4. FUMARIA. 



Sepals 2, caducous. Petals 4, unequal, 1 only spurred at 

 base. Fruit a 1-seeded, ovoid, or globose valveless nut. An. 



1. F. officinalis. 



Common Fumitory. 



Stem erect, or decumbent, branching; leaves bi-ternately dissected; ulti- 

 mate segments linear; flowers small, rose -colored, with crimson tips, in loose 

 racemes. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; nut globose, retuse. A pretty little 

 glaucous plant, naturalized about gardens and in cultivated grounds. June 

 Sep. 



OEDER XII. Cruciferse. Turnip-family. 



SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. 



A. Fruit a silicle. 



* Silicle more or less emarginate at apex. 



1. CAPSELLA. Silicle triangular, obcordate, compressed; valves carinate. 



2. LEPiDIUM. Silicle nearly orbicular, flat; valves carinate. 



7. IBERIS. 2 upper petals larger than the 2 lower. Silicle compressed, 

 truncate. 



* * Silicle not emargfiiiate at apex. 



3. COCILLEARIA. Silicle sessile, ovoid-globose; valves ventricose. Flowers 

 white. 



4. CAMELINA. Silicle somewhat obovate. Valves ventricose. Styles fili- 

 form. Flowers yellow. 



5. ALYSSUM. Silicic oval, or roundish-oval. Valves flat, or somewhat con- 

 vox at the centre. Flowers white, or yellow. 



6. LTTNAKIA. Silicle oblong, or lanceolate, pedicellate. Valves flat. Flow 

 ers purplish. 



18. CAKILE. Silicle 2-jointed, upper portion ovate-ensiform. Plant fleshy. 

 Petals purplish. 



B. Fruit a silique. 



* Flowers wliitcj or purple. 



9. ARABIS. Sepals erect. Petals with claws. Silique linear. Valves 1- 

 nerved. Cauline leaves alternate. 



10. CARDAMINE. Sepals somewhat spreading. Silique linear. Valves 

 veinless. Cauline leaves alternate. 



18 



11. DENTARIA. Silique lanceolate. Valves flat, veinless. Cauline leaves 

 opposite, or in whorls. 



12. HESPERIS. Siliqne linear, terete, or 4-sided, and somewhat compressed, 

 tigmas 2, connivent, but not thickened at apex. Seeds smooth, 3-angled. 



1& MATTirioLA. Silique terete. Stigmas connivent, thickened at apex. 

 Seeds flattish. Plants clothed with dense, hoary pubescence. 



* * Flowers yellow. 



8. BARBAREA. Silique linear, somewhat 4-sided. Leaves lyrately pinna- 

 tifld. 



13. SISYMBRIUM. Petals with claws. Silique 4 6-angled, or nearly round. 

 Style very short. Seeds ovate, convex. Leaves runcinate. 



14. CHEIUANTIIUS. Silique round, or compressed. Seeds flat, ovate. Leaves 

 nearly entire. 



15. SINAPIS. Sepals erect. Silique nearly round. Valves concave, veinless. 

 Seeds sub-globose. 



17. BRASSICA. Sepals spreading. Silique somewhat compressed. Valves 

 concave, 1-veined. Seeds globose. 



19. RAPHANCS. Siliqne round, valveless, composed of several transversely- 

 united joints. Seeds sub-globose. 



1. CAPSELLA 



Silicles triangular-cuneiform, obcordate. Valves wingless. 

 Cells small, many-seeded. Style short. An. 



1. C. Bursa-pastoris. 



Shepherd' 's-purse. 



Stem erect, furrowed, branching ; radical leaves pinnatifld, 011 short, mar- 

 gined petioles, growing in a flat tuft, upper ones linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, 

 auriculate at base ; flowers very small, white, in long racemes, terminating the 

 stem and branches ; capsules obcordate, emarginate, pedicellate, on horizontal 

 pedicels, tipped with the short style. A common weed in cultivated grounds, 

 waste places and road-sides, 1 2 feet high. June Oct. 



2. LEPiDIUM. 



Sepals ovate. Petals ovate. Silieles nearly orbicular, emar- 

 ginate. Valves carinate, dehiscent. Cells 1-seeded. An. 



1. L. Virginicum. 



Wild Peppergrass. 



Stem erect, branching, smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate, dentate, acute, 

 smooth ; flowers minute, white, in racemes, terminating the stem and branches ; 

 silicle orbicular, emarginate, not winged. In dry fields and road-sides, about 1 

 foot high. Leaves of a hot, peppery taste, like that of the garden peppergrass. 

 June Oct. 



2. L. sativum. 



Peppergrass. 



Stem smooth, branching ; leaves variously divided and cut, smooth ; flow- 

 ers white ; silicles orbicular, winged. A common annual, cultivated in gardens 

 fur a salad. Stem 12 feet high. July. 



3. COCHLElRIA. 



Calyx equal at base, spreading. Petals entire. Silicles ses- 

 sile, ovate, globose, or oblong, with ventricose valves. Styles 

 short, or none. Per. 



1. C. Armor acia. Horse Radish. 



Stem erect, angular, smooth, branching ; radical leaves oblong, crenate, on 

 long, channelled petioles; cauline ones long, lanceolate, dentate, or incised, 

 sessile; flowers small, white, in corymbose racemes; silicle elliptical; roots 

 large, fleshy, and very acrid. A well-known garden plant, growing 23 feet 

 high. The lower stem leaves are often pinnatifldly cut. A partially natural- 

 ized European plant, cultivated in gardens. June. 



4. CAMELlNA. 



Calyx equal at base. Petals entire. Silicle obovate, or some- 

 what globose, with dehiscent, ventricose valves. Cells many- 

 seeded. Styles filiform, persistent. Seeds oblong, without mar- 

 gins. An. 



1. C. sativa. False Flax. 



Stem erect, pubescent, paniculately branched above ; leaves lanceolate, sa- 

 gittate at base, mostly entire, clasping, pubescent, somewhat scabrous; flowers 

 small, yellow, racemose; silicles turgid, obovate-pyriform, tipped with the 

 style. Naturalized in cultivated fields and road-sides, growing 12 feet high. 

 June. 



5. ALYSSUM. 



Calyx equal at base. Petals entire. Some of the stamens 

 toothed. Silicle orbicular, or oval, with the valves flat, or con- 

 vex in the centre. Per. 



